Resource recovery from waste coffee grounds using ultrasonic-assisted technology for bioenergy production

Mofijur, M; Kusumo, F; Rizwanul Fattah, IM; Mahmudul, HM; Rasul, MG; Shamsuddin, AH; Mahlia, TMI

Resource recovery from waste coffee grounds using ultrasonic-assisted technology for bioenergy production

Mofijur, M Kusumo, F Rizwanul Fattah, IM Mahmudul, HM Rasul, MG Shamsuddin, AH Mahlia, TMI

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Publisher:: MDPI
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Energies, 2020, 13, (7)
Issue Date:: 2020-04-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Mofijur, M
dc.contributor.author	Kusumo, F
dc.contributor.author	Rizwanul Fattah, IM
dc.contributor.author	Mahmudul, HM
dc.contributor.author	Rasul, MG
dc.contributor.author	Shamsuddin, AH
dc.contributor.author	Mahlia, TMI
dc.date.accessioned	2021-02-03T22:53:30Z
dc.date.available	2021-02-03T22:53:30Z
dc.date.issued	2020-04-01
dc.identifier.citation	Energies, 2020, 13, (7)
dc.identifier.issn	1996-1073
dc.identifier.issn	1996-1073
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/145786
dc.description.abstract	© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Biodiesel is a proven alternative fuel that can serve as a substitute for petroleum diesel due to its renewability, non-toxicity, sulphur-free nature and superior lubricity. Waste-based non-edible oils are studied as potential biodiesel feedstocks owing to the focus on the valorisation of waste products. Instead of being treated as municipal waste, waste coffee grounds (WCG) can be utilised for oil extraction, thereby recovering an energy source in the form of biodiesel. This study evaluates oil extraction from WCG using ultrasonic and Soxhlet techniques, followed by biodiesel conversion using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process. It was found that n-hexane was the most effective solvent for the oil extraction process and ultrasonic-assisted technology offers a 13.5% higher yield compared to the conventional Soxhlet extraction process. Solid-to-solvent ratio and extraction time of the oil extraction process from the dried waste coffee grounds (DWCG) after the brewing process was optimised using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that predicted yield of 17.75 wt. % of coffee oil can be obtained using 1:30 w/v of the mass ratio of DWCG-ton-hexane and 34 min of extraction time when 32% amplitude was used. The model was verified by the experiment where 17.23 wt. % yield of coffee oil was achieved when the extraction process was carried out under optimal conditions. The infrared absorption spectrum analysis of WCG oil determined suitable functional groups for biodiesel conversion which was further treated using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process to successfully convert to biodiesel.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	MDPI
dc.relation.ispartof	Energies
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/en13071770
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	02 Physical Sciences, 09 Engineering
dc.title	Resource recovery from waste coffee grounds using ultrasonic-assisted technology for bioenergy production
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	13
utslib.for	02 Physical Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Information, Systems and Modelling
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CAMGIS - Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial lnformation Systems
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2021-02-03T22:53:25Z
pubs.issue	7
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	13
utslib.citation.issue	7

Abstract:

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Biodiesel is a proven alternative fuel that can serve as a substitute for petroleum diesel due to its renewability, non-toxicity, sulphur-free nature and superior lubricity. Waste-based non-edible oils are studied as potential biodiesel feedstocks owing to the focus on the valorisation of waste products. Instead of being treated as municipal waste, waste coffee grounds (WCG) can be utilised for oil extraction, thereby recovering an energy source in the form of biodiesel. This study evaluates oil extraction from WCG using ultrasonic and Soxhlet techniques, followed by biodiesel conversion using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process. It was found that n-hexane was the most effective solvent for the oil extraction process and ultrasonic-assisted technology offers a 13.5% higher yield compared to the conventional Soxhlet extraction process. Solid-to-solvent ratio and extraction time of the oil extraction process from the dried waste coffee grounds (DWCG) after the brewing process was optimised using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that predicted yield of 17.75 wt. % of coffee oil can be obtained using 1:30 w/v of the mass ratio of DWCG-ton-hexane and 34 min of extraction time when 32% amplitude was used. The model was verified by the experiment where 17.23 wt. % yield of coffee oil was achieved when the extraction process was carried out under optimal conditions. The infrared absorption spectrum analysis of WCG oil determined suitable functional groups for biodiesel conversion which was further treated using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process to successfully convert to biodiesel.

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