Impregnation of CaO from eggshell waste with magnetite as a solid catalyst (Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/CaO) for transesterification of palm oil off-grade

Helwani, Z; Ramli, M; Saputra, E; Bahruddin, B; Yolanda, D; Fatra, W; Idroes, GM; Muslem, M; Mahlia, TMI; Idroes, R

Impregnation of CaO from eggshell waste with magnetite as a solid catalyst (Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/CaO) for transesterification of palm oil off-grade

Helwani, Z Ramli, M Saputra, E Bahruddin, B Yolanda, D Fatra, W Idroes, GM Muslem, M Mahlia, TMI Idroes, R

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Publisher:: MDPI
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Catalysts, 2020, 10, (2)
Issue Date:: 2020-02-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Helwani, Z
dc.contributor.author	Ramli, M
dc.contributor.author	Saputra, E
dc.contributor.author	Bahruddin, B
dc.contributor.author	Yolanda, D
dc.contributor.author	Fatra, W
dc.contributor.author	Idroes, GM
dc.contributor.author	Muslem, M
dc.contributor.author	Mahlia, TMI
dc.contributor.author	Idroes, R
dc.date.accessioned	2021-02-12T22:16:44Z
dc.date.available	2021-02-12T22:16:44Z
dc.date.issued	2020-02-01
dc.identifier.citation	Catalysts, 2020, 10, (2)
dc.identifier.issn	2073-4344
dc.identifier.issn	2073-4344
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146056
dc.description.abstract	© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. In this work, calcium oxide (CaO) extracted from eggshell impregnated with magnetite (Fe3O4) is prepared successfully and it had been applied on transesterification of palm oil off-grade. Prior experiment, the eggshells material are powdered and calcined at 900◦C then impregnated with Fe3O4 and recalcined. The obtained Fe3O4 /CaO catalyst is characterized using X-ray diffraction and Braunaeur–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area. The influence of various parameters including recalcined time and temperature are investigated. The prepared catalyst is tested for transesterification of palm oil off-grade to produce biodiesel in which the optimal conditions of a methanol/palm oil off-grade molar ratio of 10:1, the catalyst weight of 6%, the reaction temperature of 70◦C, and the reaction time of 2 h. The transesterification product was analyzed using GC-MS, which showed the biodiesel yield of 90% at the recalcined temperature of 600◦C and reaction time of 2 h. It has been noted that the catalyst activity is achieved when the moderate recalcination temperature is applied and the disordered structure of the catalyst is maintained. This study also confirms that CaO impregnated with Fe3O4 could be a solid catalyst for the biodiesel synthesis through transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	MDPI
dc.relation.ispartof	Catalysts
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/catal10020164
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
dc.title	Impregnation of CaO from eggshell waste with magnetite as a solid catalyst (Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>/CaO) for transesterification of palm oil off-grade
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	10
utslib.for	0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CAMGIS - Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial lnformation Systems
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Information, Systems and Modelling
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2021-02-12T22:16:22Z
pubs.issue	2
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	10
utslib.citation.issue	2

Abstract:

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. In this work, calcium oxide (CaO) extracted from eggshell impregnated with magnetite (Fe3O4) is prepared successfully and it had been applied on transesterification of palm oil off-grade. Prior experiment, the eggshells material are powdered and calcined at 900◦C then impregnated with Fe3O4 and recalcined. The obtained Fe3O4 /CaO catalyst is characterized using X-ray diffraction and Braunaeur–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area. The influence of various parameters including recalcined time and temperature are investigated. The prepared catalyst is tested for transesterification of palm oil off-grade to produce biodiesel in which the optimal conditions of a methanol/palm oil off-grade molar ratio of 10:1, the catalyst weight of 6%, the reaction temperature of 70◦C, and the reaction time of 2 h. The transesterification product was analyzed using GC-MS, which showed the biodiesel yield of 90% at the recalcined temperature of 600◦C and reaction time of 2 h. It has been noted that the catalyst activity is achieved when the moderate recalcination temperature is applied and the disordered structure of the catalyst is maintained. This study also confirms that CaO impregnated with Fe3O4 could be a solid catalyst for the biodiesel synthesis through transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146056