Patterns and predictors of gestational weight gain in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

Asefa, F; Cummins, A; Dessie, Y; Foureur, M; Hayen, A

Patterns and predictors of gestational weight gain in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

Asefa, F Cummins, A

Dessie, Y Foureur, M Hayen, A

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Publisher:: BioMed Central
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Reproductive Health, 2021, 18, (1), pp. 1-14
Issue Date:: 2021-07-28

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Asefa, F
dc.contributor.author	Cummins, A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0626-3365
dc.contributor.author	Dessie, Y
dc.contributor.author	Foureur, M
dc.contributor.author	Hayen, A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-8030
dc.date.accessioned	2021-12-17T01:20:58Z
dc.date.available	2021-07-12
dc.date.available	2021-12-17T01:20:58Z
dc.date.issued	2021-07-28
dc.identifier.citation	Reproductive Health, 2021, 18, (1), pp. 1-14
dc.identifier.issn	1742-4755
dc.identifier.issn	1742-4755
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/152381
dc.description.abstract	Introduction Gaining excessive or inadequate gestational weight is associated with many adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of fetal growth restriction, pre-term birth, and low birth weight. It is a public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the patterns and predictors of GWG in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among pregnant women who attended antenatal care in health centres in Addis Ababa, from January to September 2019. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire and checklists and analysed using Stata version-14. Weight at or before 16 weeks gestation was used as a proxy for pre-pregnancy weight. Women’s height and baseline weight were measured by data collectors, and we obtained weight at the end of the 24th and 36th weeks of gestation from women’s medical records. GWG was categorized as inadequate, adequate and excessive based on the United States Institute of Medicine criteria. Predictors of GWG were identified using multinomial logistic regression. Results A total of 395 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. GWG was assessed for 369 (93%) women. The median GWG was 8.7 kg with inter quartile ranges (25th, 75th percentiles) of 7.0 kg and 11.6 kg. More than two-third of the participants, 248 (67.2% [95% CI: 62.2, 72.0%]), gained inadequate weight; 103 (27.9% [95% CI: 23.4, 32.8%]) gained adequate weight; and 18 (4.9% [95% CI: 2.9%, 7.6%]) gained excessive weight. Three quarters (75%) of underweight women gained inadequate gestational weight, whereas 43% of overweight or obese women gained inadequate gestational weight. Being underweight (AOR = 3.30 [95% CI: 1.32, 8.24]) or normal weight (AOR = 2.68 [95% CI: 1.37, 5.24]) before pregnancy increased the odds of gaining inadequate gestational weight compared to overweight or obese women. Not having paid employment was associated with higher odds of gaining inadequate gestational weight compared to women employed outside the home (AOR = 2.17 [95% CI: 1.16, 4.07]). Conclusions Most pregnant women in Addis Ababa gain inadequate gestational weight. In particular, three quarters of underweight women gained inadequate gestational weight. Being underweight, normal weight or having no paid employment were associated with higher odds of inadequate GWG. Promoting adequate GWG in Addis Ababa among underweight and normal weight women may be an important public health initiative.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	BioMed Central
dc.relation.ispartof	Reproductive Health
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1186/s12978-021-01202-y
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine
dc.subject.classification	Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy Complications
dc.subject.mesh	Weight Gain
dc.subject.mesh	Body Mass Index
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy Outcome
dc.subject.mesh	Prospective Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy
dc.subject.mesh	Ethiopia
dc.subject.mesh	United States
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Overweight
dc.subject.mesh	Gestational Weight Gain
dc.subject.mesh	Body Mass Index
dc.subject.mesh	Ethiopia
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Gestational Weight Gain
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Overweight
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy Complications
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy Outcome
dc.subject.mesh	Prospective Studies
dc.subject.mesh	United States
dc.subject.mesh	Weight Gain
dc.title	Patterns and predictors of gestational weight gain in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	18
utslib.location.activity	England
utslib.for	1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHSP - Health Services and Practice
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Public Health
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2021-12-17T01:20:54Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	18
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

Introduction Gaining excessive or inadequate gestational weight is associated with many adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of fetal growth restriction, pre-term birth, and low birth weight. It is a public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the patterns and predictors of GWG in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among pregnant women who attended antenatal care in health centres in Addis Ababa, from January to September 2019. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire and checklists and analysed using Stata version-14. Weight at or before 16 weeks gestation was used as a proxy for pre-pregnancy weight. Women’s height and baseline weight were measured by data collectors, and we obtained weight at the end of the 24th and 36th weeks of gestation from women’s medical records. GWG was categorized as inadequate, adequate and excessive based on the United States Institute of Medicine criteria. Predictors of GWG were identified using multinomial logistic regression. Results A total of 395 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. GWG was assessed for 369 (93%) women. The median GWG was 8.7 kg with inter quartile ranges (25th, 75th percentiles) of 7.0 kg and 11.6 kg. More than two-third of the participants, 248 (67.2% [95% CI: 62.2, 72.0%]), gained inadequate weight; 103 (27.9% [95% CI: 23.4, 32.8%]) gained adequate weight; and 18 (4.9% [95% CI: 2.9%, 7.6%]) gained excessive weight. Three quarters (75%) of underweight women gained inadequate gestational weight, whereas 43% of overweight or obese women gained inadequate gestational weight. Being underweight (AOR = 3.30 [95% CI: 1.32, 8.24]) or normal weight (AOR = 2.68 [95% CI: 1.37, 5.24]) before pregnancy increased the odds of gaining inadequate gestational weight compared to overweight or obese women. Not having paid employment was associated with higher odds of gaining inadequate gestational weight compared to women employed outside the home (AOR = 2.17 [95% CI: 1.16, 4.07]). Conclusions Most pregnant women in Addis Ababa gain inadequate gestational weight. In particular, three quarters of underweight women gained inadequate gestational weight. Being underweight, normal weight or having no paid employment were associated with higher odds of inadequate GWG. Promoting adequate GWG in Addis Ababa among underweight and normal weight women may be an important public health initiative.

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