Inhaled or Ingested, Which Is Worse, E-Vaping or High-Fat Diet?

Chen, H; Chan, YL; Thorpe, AE; Pollock, CA; Saad, S; Oliver, BG

Inhaled or Ingested, Which Is Worse, E-Vaping or High-Fat Diet?

Chen, H

Chan, YL Thorpe, AE Pollock, CA Saad, S Oliver, BG

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Publisher:: Frontiers Media SA
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Frontiers in Immunology, 13

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Chen, H https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-3752
dc.contributor.author	Chan, YL
dc.contributor.author	Thorpe, AE
dc.contributor.author	Pollock, CA
dc.contributor.author	Saad, S
dc.contributor.author	Oliver, BG
dc.date.accessioned	2022-06-16T01:11:10Z
dc.date.available	2022-06-16T01:11:10Z
dc.identifier.citation	Frontiers in Immunology, 13
dc.identifier.issn	1664-3224
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/158203
dc.description.abstract	<jats:p>Long term e-cigarette vaping induces inflammation, which is largely nicotine independent. High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is anoter cause of systemic low-grade inflammation. The likelihood of using e-cigarettes as a weight control strategy is concomitant with the increase in obesity. In Australia, only nicotine-free e-fluid is legal for sale. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how nicotine-free e-cigarette vapour exposure affects inflammatory responses in mice with long term HFD consumption. Mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks, while in the last 6 weeks, half of the chow and HFD groups were exposed to nicotine-free e-vapour, while the other half to ambient air. Serum, lung, liver and epididymal fat were collected to measure inflammatory markers. While both e-vapour exposure and HFD consumption independently increased serum IFN-γ, CX3CL1, IL-10, CCL20, CCL12, and CCL5 levels, the levels of IFN-γ, CX3CL1, and IL-10 were higher in mice exposed to e-vapour than HFD. The mRNA expression pattern in the epididymal fat mirrors that in the serum, suggesting the circulating inflammatory response to e-vapour is from the fat tissue. Of the upregulated cytokines in serum, none were found to change in the lungs. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased by combining e-vapour and HFD in the liver. We conclude that short-term nicotine-free e-vapour is more potent than long term HFD consumption in causing systemic inflammation. Future studies will be needed to examine the long-term health impact of nicotine-free e-cigarettes.</jats:p>
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Frontiers Media SA
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/APP1158186
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/GNT1158186
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1158186
dc.relation.ispartof	Frontiers in Immunology
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3389/fimmu.2022.913044
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	1107 Immunology, 1108 Medical Microbiology
dc.title	Inhaled or Ingested, Which Is Worse, E-Vaping or High-Fat Diet?
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	13
utslib.for	1107 Immunology
utslib.for	1108 Medical Microbiology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHT - Health Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Centre for Health Technologies (CHT)
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-06-16T01:11:09Z
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	13

Abstract:

Long term e-cigarette vaping induces inflammation, which is largely nicotine independent. High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is anoter cause of systemic low-grade inflammation. The likelihood of using e-cigarettes as a weight control strategy is concomitant with the increase in obesity. In Australia, only nicotine-free e-fluid is legal for sale. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how nicotine-free e-cigarette vapour exposure affects inflammatory responses in mice with long term HFD consumption. Mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks, while in the last 6 weeks, half of the chow and HFD groups were exposed to nicotine-free e-vapour, while the other half to ambient air. Serum, lung, liver and epididymal fat were collected to measure inflammatory markers. While both e-vapour exposure and HFD consumption independently increased serum IFN-γ, CX3CL1, IL-10, CCL20, CCL12, and CCL5 levels, the levels of IFN-γ, CX3CL1, and IL-10 were higher in mice exposed to e-vapour than HFD. The mRNA expression pattern in the epididymal fat mirrors that in the serum, suggesting the circulating inflammatory response to e-vapour is from the fat tissue. Of the upregulated cytokines in serum, none were found to change in the lungs. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased by combining e-vapour and HFD in the liver. We conclude that short-term nicotine-free e-vapour is more potent than long term HFD consumption in causing systemic inflammation. Future studies will be needed to examine the long-term health impact of nicotine-free e-cigarettes.

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