H1 Opportunity Assessment: Residential Solar Pre-cooling Opportunity Assessment: Final report November 2021

Wilmot, K; Wang, S; Rutowitz, J; Chen, D; white, S; Miller, W; Ma, Y; Susilawati, C; Arlinkasari, F; Heslop, S; McGill, I; Bruce, A; Lau, T; Bruno, F; Boland, J; Evans, M

H1 Opportunity Assessment: Residential Solar Pre-cooling Opportunity Assessment: Final report November 2021

Wang, S Rutowitz, J Chen, D white, S Miller, W Ma, Y Susilawati, C Arlinkasari, F Heslop, S McGill, I Bruce, A Lau, T Bruno, F Boland, J Evans, M

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Publisher:: CRC RACE for 2030
Publication Type:: Report
Citation:: 2021, pp. 1-109
Issue Date:: 2021-07-31

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Wilmot, K https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-5789
dc.contributor.author	Wang, S
dc.contributor.author	Rutowitz, J
dc.contributor.author	Chen, D
dc.contributor.author	white, S
dc.contributor.author	Miller, W
dc.contributor.author	Ma, Y
dc.contributor.author	Susilawati, C
dc.contributor.author	Arlinkasari, F
dc.contributor.author	Heslop, S
dc.contributor.author	McGill, I
dc.contributor.author	Bruce, A
dc.contributor.author	Lau, T
dc.contributor.author	Bruno, F
dc.contributor.author	Boland, J
dc.contributor.author	Evans, M
dc.date.accessioned	2022-08-17T05:14:17Z
dc.date.available	2022-08-17T05:14:17Z
dc.date.issued	2021-07-31
dc.identifier.citation	2021, pp. 1-109
dc.identifier.isbn	978-1-922746-10-8
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/160420
dc.description.abstract	This Opportunity Assessment is a scoping study to determine what is currently understood about residential solar pre-cooling and pre-heating (SPC/H) and therefore guide where RACE for 2030 should focus its research efforts. The intended outcome of SPC/H is to cost effectively shift solar energy from when it is abundant to when energy is required for heating and cooling. The purpose is to achieve grid load smoothing which is expected to address and peak demand and minimum demand, leading to lower customer electricity bills, and improved solar hosting capacity. Over the last decade significant rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity has been added in Australia, with new installations and a growth in average system size. SPC/H is increasingly seen as an effective demand response strategy, where the peak solar irradiance can be used to meet the peak electricity demand. It requires market-ready remote monitoring and control technologies as well as adequate thermal inertia of homes to reduce peak demand and therefore network infrastructure costs, consumers’ energy bills and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Specifically, the concept of SPC and SPH requires two components: • Reduce energy demand for home heating and cooling in the evening peak (when demand typically peaks), and • Soak up daytime solar power capacity (when the solar resource is typically abundant) to supply cooling and heating. The first focus of SPC/H is to use a household’s own PV system to power cooling and heating, but it is also relevant for houses without PVs to soak up the excess capacity in the grid supplied by solar installations nearby. The technologies to facilitate these two approaches are similar but the incentives for householders will be different. Of particular concern is the ability of the building to retain the heating or cooling. Poor quality buildings will leak the heat or coolth so that little benefit remains into the evening when needed by the occupants. Testing this is the subject of the modelling documented in this report. The other major concern for successful implementation of SPC/H is how well it will be accepted by consumers, what incentives may be needed to recruit households in sufficient numbers and the possible cost and complexity of programs to achieve the desired impact. Smoothing out the residential load profile provides the following network benefits: • Allows more homes to install solar because reducing peak solar export increases solar hosting capacity, and it helps mitigate voltage rise, reducing curtailment of solar export. • Reduces power (normal and peak) flows through transformers and cables, prolonging the life of these assets. Peak reduction defers expensive network upgrades. • Modulates voltage variability from solar and voltage excursion generally, making voltage management easier • Reduces reliance for PV inverters to engage Volt-VAr response voltage control, which in aggregate can exchange large amounts of reactive power from the grid, increasing losses and reducing power factor (PF). The grid wide benefits which come from smoothing out the residential load profile include: • Reduced load variation, increasing load forecast accuracy, and allowing for a more accurate allocation of generation and reserves • Less peak demand means less need for expensive peaking plants (which can sell electricity at orders of magnitude higher price than baseload plants) and less capacity upgrades, resulting in an overall reduction in the cost of electricity
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	CRC RACE for 2030
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.title	H1 Opportunity Assessment: Residential Solar Pre-cooling Opportunity Assessment: Final report November 2021
dc.type	Report
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/DVC (Research)
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/DVC (Research)/Institute For Sustainable Futures
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - ISF - Institute for Sustainable Futures
utslib.copyright.status	recently_added	*
pubs.consider-herdc	true
dc.date.updated	2022-08-17T05:14:15Z
pubs.commissioning-body	Reliable Affordable Clean Energy for 2030 Cooperative Research Centre (RACE for 2030 CRC) is
pubs.confidential	false
pubs.place-of-publication	Sydney Australia
pubs.publication-status	Published online
dc.location	Sydney Australia

Abstract:

This Opportunity Assessment is a scoping study to determine what is currently understood about residential solar pre-cooling and pre-heating (SPC/H) and therefore guide where RACE for 2030 should focus its research efforts. The intended outcome of SPC/H is to cost effectively shift solar energy from when it is abundant to when energy is required for heating and cooling. The purpose is to achieve grid load smoothing which is expected to address and peak demand and minimum demand, leading to lower customer electricity bills, and improved solar hosting capacity. Over the last decade significant rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity has been added in Australia, with new installations and a growth in average system size. SPC/H is increasingly seen as an effective demand response strategy, where the peak solar irradiance can be used to meet the peak electricity demand. It requires market-ready remote monitoring and control technologies as well as adequate thermal inertia of homes to reduce peak demand and therefore network infrastructure costs, consumers’ energy bills and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Specifically, the concept of SPC and SPH requires two components: • Reduce energy demand for home heating and cooling in the evening peak (when demand typically peaks), and • Soak up daytime solar power capacity (when the solar resource is typically abundant) to supply cooling and heating. The first focus of SPC/H is to use a household’s own PV system to power cooling and heating, but it is also relevant for houses without PVs to soak up the excess capacity in the grid supplied by solar installations nearby. The technologies to facilitate these two approaches are similar but the incentives for householders will be different. Of particular concern is the ability of the building to retain the heating or cooling. Poor quality buildings will leak the heat or coolth so that little benefit remains into the evening when needed by the occupants. Testing this is the subject of the modelling documented in this report. The other major concern for successful implementation of SPC/H is how well it will be accepted by consumers, what incentives may be needed to recruit households in sufficient numbers and the possible cost and complexity of programs to achieve the desired impact. Smoothing out the residential load profile provides the following network benefits: • Allows more homes to install solar because reducing peak solar export increases solar hosting capacity, and it helps mitigate voltage rise, reducing curtailment of solar export. • Reduces power (normal and peak) flows through transformers and cables, prolonging the life of these assets. Peak reduction defers expensive network upgrades. • Modulates voltage variability from solar and voltage excursion generally, making voltage management easier • Reduces reliance for PV inverters to engage Volt-VAr response voltage control, which in aggregate can exchange large amounts of reactive power from the grid, increasing losses and reducing power factor (PF). The grid wide benefits which come from smoothing out the residential load profile include: • Reduced load variation, increasing load forecast accuracy, and allowing for a more accurate allocation of generation and reserves • Less peak demand means less need for expensive peaking plants (which can sell electricity at orders of magnitude higher price than baseload plants) and less capacity upgrades, resulting in an overall reduction in the cost of electricity

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/160420