International prevalence of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Steel, A; Redmond, R; Schloss, J; Cramer, H; Goldenberg, J; Leach, MJ; Harnett, JE; Van de Venter, C; McLintock, A; Bradley, R; Hawrelak, J; Cooley, K; Leung, B; Adams, J; Wardle, J

International prevalence of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Steel, A

Redmond, R Schloss, J

Cramer, H

Goldenberg, J Leach, MJ Harnett, JE Van de Venter, C McLintock, A Bradley, R Hawrelak, J Cooley, K

Leung, B Adams, J

Wardle, J

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Publisher:: BMJ Journals
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: BMJ Open, 2022, 12, (7), pp. 1-12
Issue Date:: 2022-07-25

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Steel, A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6643-9444
dc.contributor.author	Redmond, R
dc.contributor.author	Schloss, J https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1643-6215
dc.contributor.author	Cramer, H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3640-8046
dc.contributor.author	Goldenberg, J
dc.contributor.author	Leach, MJ
dc.contributor.author	Harnett, JE
dc.contributor.author	Van de Venter, C
dc.contributor.author	McLintock, A
dc.contributor.author	Bradley, R
dc.contributor.author	Hawrelak, J
dc.contributor.author	Cooley, K https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7960-6504
dc.contributor.author	Leung, B
dc.contributor.author	Adams, J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-5717
dc.contributor.author	Wardle, J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-3542
dc.date.accessioned	2022-10-05T03:59:28Z
dc.date.available	2022-10-05T03:59:28Z
dc.date.issued	2022-07-25
dc.identifier.citation	BMJ Open, 2022, 12, (7), pp. 1-12
dc.identifier.issn	2044-6055
dc.identifier.issn	2044-6055
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/162318
dc.description.abstract	OBJECTIVES: Naturopathy is a traditional medicine system informed by codified philosophies and principles, and an emphasis on non-pharmacologic therapeutic interventions. While naturopathy is practised by approximately 75 000-100 000 000 naturopathic practitioners in at least 98 countries, little is known about the international prevalence of history of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner. This study reports a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies describing the global prevalence of history of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner by the general population. SETTING: The included literature was identified through a systematic search of eight databases between September and October 2019, as well as the grey literature. PARTICIPANTS: Studies were included if they reported the prevalence rate of consultations with a naturopathic practitioner by the general population. INTERVENTIONS: Survey items needed to report consultations with a naturopathic practitioner as defined in the country where data was collected, and not combine naturopathic consultations with other health services or only report consulations for illness populations. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary measures used for the analysis was consultations in the previous 12 months. Other prevalence timeframes were reported as secondary measures. METHODS: Meta-analysis of prevalence data was conducted using random effects models based on individual countries and WHO world regions. RESULTS: The literature search identified eight manuscripts summarising 14 studies reporting prevalence for inclusion in the review. All included studies had a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of the included studies by world region found the 12-month prevalence of history of naturopathy consultations ranged from 1% in the Region of the Americas to 6% in the European and Western Pacific Regions. CONCLUSIONS: There are up to sixfold differences in the prevalence of naturopathy consults over 12 months between and within world regions, which may be driven by a range of policy, legislative and social factors. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020145529.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	BMJ Journals
dc.relation.ispartof	BMJ Open
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056075
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	1103 Clinical Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Naturopathy
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	Referral and Consultation
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Naturopathy
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	Referral and Consultation
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Naturopathy
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	Referral and Consultation
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.title	International prevalence of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	12
utslib.location.activity	England
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences
utslib.for	1117 Public Health and Health Services
utslib.for	1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHSP - Health Services and Practice
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Public Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - ARCCIM - Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2022-10-05T03:59:20Z
pubs.issue	7
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	12
utslib.citation.issue	7

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES: Naturopathy is a traditional medicine system informed by codified philosophies and principles, and an emphasis on non-pharmacologic therapeutic interventions. While naturopathy is practised by approximately 75 000-100 000 000 naturopathic practitioners in at least 98 countries, little is known about the international prevalence of history of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner. This study reports a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies describing the global prevalence of history of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner by the general population. SETTING: The included literature was identified through a systematic search of eight databases between September and October 2019, as well as the grey literature. PARTICIPANTS: Studies were included if they reported the prevalence rate of consultations with a naturopathic practitioner by the general population. INTERVENTIONS: Survey items needed to report consultations with a naturopathic practitioner as defined in the country where data was collected, and not combine naturopathic consultations with other health services or only report consulations for illness populations. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary measures used for the analysis was consultations in the previous 12 months. Other prevalence timeframes were reported as secondary measures. METHODS: Meta-analysis of prevalence data was conducted using random effects models based on individual countries and WHO world regions. RESULTS: The literature search identified eight manuscripts summarising 14 studies reporting prevalence for inclusion in the review. All included studies had a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of the included studies by world region found the 12-month prevalence of history of naturopathy consultations ranged from 1% in the Region of the Americas to 6% in the European and Western Pacific Regions. CONCLUSIONS: There are up to sixfold differences in the prevalence of naturopathy consults over 12 months between and within world regions, which may be driven by a range of policy, legislative and social factors. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020145529.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/162318