Single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals distinct immunological responses between COVID-19 vaccine and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Wang, Y
Wang, X
Luu, LDW
Li, J
Cui, X
Yao, H
Chen, S
Fu, J
Wang, L
Wang, C
Yuan, R
Cai, Q
Huang, X
Huang, J
Li, Z
Li, S
Zhu, X
Tai, J
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Citation:
- J Med Virol, 2022, 94, (11), pp. 5304-5324
- Issue Date:
- 2022-11
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Single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals distinct immunological responses between COVID-19 vaccine and natural SARS-CoV-2 in.pdf | Accepted version | 6.05 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Full metadata record
Field | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.author | Wang, Y | |
dc.contributor.author | Wang, X | |
dc.contributor.author | Luu, LDW | |
dc.contributor.author | Li, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Cui, X | |
dc.contributor.author | Yao, H | |
dc.contributor.author | Chen, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Fu, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Wang, L | |
dc.contributor.author | Wang, C | |
dc.contributor.author | Yuan, R | |
dc.contributor.author | Cai, Q | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang, X | |
dc.contributor.author | Huang, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Li, Z | |
dc.contributor.author | Li, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Zhu, X | |
dc.contributor.author | Tai, J | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-11-28T05:22:55Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-07-15 | |
dc.date.available | 2022-11-28T05:22:55Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-11 | |
dc.identifier.citation | J Med Virol, 2022, 94, (11), pp. 5304-5324 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0146-6615 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1096-9071 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10453/163789 | |
dc.description.abstract | To control the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, CoronaVac (Sinovac), an inactivated vaccine, has been granted emergency use authorization by many countries. However, the underlying mechanisms of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune response remain unclear, and little is known about its features compared to (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we implemented single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile longitudinally collected PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in six individuals immunized with CoronaVac and compared these to the profiles of COVID-19 infected patients from a Single Cell Consortium. Both inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection altered the proportion of different immune cell types, caused B cell activation and differentiation, and induced the expression of genes associated with antibody production in the plasma. The inactivated vaccine and SARS-COV-2 infection also caused alterations in peripheral immune activity such as interferon response, inflammatory cytokine expression, innate immune cell apoptosis and migration, effector T cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity, however, the magnitude of change was greater in COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease, than in immunized individuals. Further analyses revealed a distinct peripheral immune cell phenotype associated with CoronaVac immunization (HLA class II upregulation and IL21R upregulation in naïve B cells) versus SARS-CoV-2 infection (HLA class II downregulation and IL21R downregulation in naïve B cells from severe disease individuals). There were also differences in the expression of important genes associated with proinflammatory cytokines and thrombosis. In conclusion, this study provides a single-cell atlas of the systemic immune response to CoronaVac immunization and revealed distinct immune responses between inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection. | |
dc.format | Print-Electronic | |
dc.language | eng | |
dc.publisher | Wiley | |
dc.relation.ispartof | J Med Virol | |
dc.relation.isbasedon | 10.1002/jmv.28012 | |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | |
dc.subject | 0605 Microbiology, 1108 Medical Microbiology | |
dc.subject.classification | Virology | |
dc.subject.mesh | Antibodies, Viral | |
dc.subject.mesh | COVID-19 | |
dc.subject.mesh | COVID-19 Vaccines | |
dc.subject.mesh | Cytokines | |
dc.subject.mesh | Humans | |
dc.subject.mesh | Leukocytes, Mononuclear | |
dc.subject.mesh | Receptors, Interleukin-21 | |
dc.subject.mesh | SARS-CoV-2 | |
dc.subject.mesh | Transcriptome | |
dc.subject.mesh | Vaccines, Inactivated | |
dc.subject.mesh | Viral Vaccines | |
dc.subject.mesh | Leukocytes, Mononuclear | |
dc.subject.mesh | Humans | |
dc.subject.mesh | Vaccines, Inactivated | |
dc.subject.mesh | Viral Vaccines | |
dc.subject.mesh | Antibodies, Viral | |
dc.subject.mesh | Cytokines | |
dc.subject.mesh | Receptors, Interleukin-21 | |
dc.subject.mesh | Transcriptome | |
dc.subject.mesh | COVID-19 | |
dc.subject.mesh | SARS-CoV-2 | |
dc.subject.mesh | COVID-19 Vaccines | |
dc.title | Single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals distinct immunological responses between COVID-19 vaccine and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. | |
dc.type | Journal Article | |
utslib.citation.volume | 94 | |
utslib.location.activity | United States | |
utslib.for | 0605 Microbiology | |
utslib.for | 1108 Medical Microbiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /University of Technology Sydney | |
pubs.organisational-group | /University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science | |
pubs.organisational-group | /University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences | |
utslib.copyright.status | closed_access | * |
dc.date.updated | 2022-11-28T05:22:48Z | |
pubs.issue | 11 | |
pubs.publication-status | Published | |
pubs.volume | 94 | |
utslib.citation.issue | 11 |
Abstract:
To control the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, CoronaVac (Sinovac), an inactivated vaccine, has been granted emergency use authorization by many countries. However, the underlying mechanisms of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune response remain unclear, and little is known about its features compared to (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we implemented single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile longitudinally collected PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in six individuals immunized with CoronaVac and compared these to the profiles of COVID-19 infected patients from a Single Cell Consortium. Both inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection altered the proportion of different immune cell types, caused B cell activation and differentiation, and induced the expression of genes associated with antibody production in the plasma. The inactivated vaccine and SARS-COV-2 infection also caused alterations in peripheral immune activity such as interferon response, inflammatory cytokine expression, innate immune cell apoptosis and migration, effector T cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity, however, the magnitude of change was greater in COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease, than in immunized individuals. Further analyses revealed a distinct peripheral immune cell phenotype associated with CoronaVac immunization (HLA class II upregulation and IL21R upregulation in naïve B cells) versus SARS-CoV-2 infection (HLA class II downregulation and IL21R downregulation in naïve B cells from severe disease individuals). There were also differences in the expression of important genes associated with proinflammatory cytokines and thrombosis. In conclusion, this study provides a single-cell atlas of the systemic immune response to CoronaVac immunization and revealed distinct immune responses between inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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