High Performance Electrically Small Huygens Rectennas Enable Wirelessly Powered Internet of Things Sensing Applications: A Review

Lin, W; Ziolkowski, RW

High Performance Electrically Small Huygens Rectennas Enable Wirelessly Powered Internet of Things Sensing Applications: A Review

Lin, W

Ziolkowski, RW

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Engineering, 2022, 11, pp. 42-59
Issue Date:: 2022-04-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Lin, W https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-8554
dc.contributor.author	Ziolkowski, RW
dc.date.accessioned	2023-03-09T05:05:35Z
dc.date.available	2023-03-09T05:05:35Z
dc.date.issued	2022-04-01
dc.identifier.citation	Engineering, 2022, 11, pp. 42-59
dc.identifier.issn	2095-8099
dc.identifier.issn	2096-0026
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/166805
dc.description.abstract	Far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT) applications associated with fifth generation (5G), sixth generation (6G), and beyond wireless ecosystems. Rectennas, which are the combination of rectifying circuits and antennas, are the most critical components in far-field WPT systems. However, compact application devices require even smaller integrated rectennas that simultaneously have large electromagnetic wave capture capabilities, high alternating current (AC)-to-direct current (DC) (AC-to-DC) conversion efficiencies, and facilitate a multifunctional wireless performance. This paper reviews various rectenna miniaturization techniques such as meandered planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) rectennas; miniaturized monopole- and dipole-based rectennas; fractal loop and patch rectennas; dielectric-loaded rectennas; and electrically small near-field resonant parasitic rectennas. Their performance characteristics are summarized and then compared with our previously developed electrically small Huygens rectennas that are proven to be more suitable for IoT applications. They have been tailored, for example, to achieve battery-free IoT sensors as is demonstrated in this paper. Battery-free, wirelessly powered devices are smaller and lighter in weight in comparison to battery-powered devices. Moreover, they are environmentally friendly and, hence, have a significant societal benefit. A series of high-performance electrically small Huygens rectennas are presented including Huygens linearly-polarized (HLP) and circularly-polarized (HCP) rectennas; wirelessly powered IoT sensors based on these designs; and a dual-functional HLP rectenna and antenna system. Finally, two linear uniform HLP rectenna array systems are considered for significantly larger wireless power capture. Example arrays illustrate how they can be integrated advantageously with DC or radio frequency (RF) power-combining schemes for practical IoT applications.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER
dc.relation.ispartof	Engineering
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.025
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	High Performance Electrically Small Huygens Rectennas Enable Wirelessly Powered Internet of Things Sensing Applications: A Review
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	11
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - GBDTC - Global Big Data Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-03-09T05:05:00Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	11

Abstract:

Far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT) applications associated with fifth generation (5G), sixth generation (6G), and beyond wireless ecosystems. Rectennas, which are the combination of rectifying circuits and antennas, are the most critical components in far-field WPT systems. However, compact application devices require even smaller integrated rectennas that simultaneously have large electromagnetic wave capture capabilities, high alternating current (AC)-to-direct current (DC) (AC-to-DC) conversion efficiencies, and facilitate a multifunctional wireless performance. This paper reviews various rectenna miniaturization techniques such as meandered planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) rectennas; miniaturized monopole- and dipole-based rectennas; fractal loop and patch rectennas; dielectric-loaded rectennas; and electrically small near-field resonant parasitic rectennas. Their performance characteristics are summarized and then compared with our previously developed electrically small Huygens rectennas that are proven to be more suitable for IoT applications. They have been tailored, for example, to achieve battery-free IoT sensors as is demonstrated in this paper. Battery-free, wirelessly powered devices are smaller and lighter in weight in comparison to battery-powered devices. Moreover, they are environmentally friendly and, hence, have a significant societal benefit. A series of high-performance electrically small Huygens rectennas are presented including Huygens linearly-polarized (HLP) and circularly-polarized (HCP) rectennas; wirelessly powered IoT sensors based on these designs; and a dual-functional HLP rectenna and antenna system. Finally, two linear uniform HLP rectenna array systems are considered for significantly larger wireless power capture. Example arrays illustrate how they can be integrated advantageously with DC or radio frequency (RF) power-combining schemes for practical IoT applications.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/166805