Effect of Myopic Undercorrection on Habitual Reading Distance in Schoolchildren: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

Tang, SM; Zhang, XJ; Wang, YM; Zhang, Y; Wong, LM; Chan, H-N; Zhang, BN; Chu, WK; Kam, KW; Young, AL; Tham, CC; Chen, LJ; French, AN; Rose, KA; Pang, CP; Yam, JC

Effect of Myopic Undercorrection on Habitual Reading Distance in Schoolchildren: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

Tang, SM Zhang, XJ Wang, YM Zhang, Y Wong, LM Chan, H-N Zhang, BN Chu, WK Kam, KW Young, AL Tham, CC Chen, LJ French, AN Rose, KA Pang, CP Yam, JC

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Publisher:: Springer Nature
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Ophthalmol Ther, 2023, 12, (2), pp. 925-938
Issue Date:: 2023-04

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Tang, SM
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, XJ
dc.contributor.author	Wang, YM
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, Y
dc.contributor.author	Wong, LM
dc.contributor.author	Chan, H-N
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, BN
dc.contributor.author	Chu, WK
dc.contributor.author	Kam, KW
dc.contributor.author	Young, AL
dc.contributor.author	Tham, CC
dc.contributor.author	Chen, LJ
dc.contributor.author	French, AN
dc.contributor.author	Rose, KA
dc.contributor.author	Pang, CP
dc.contributor.author	Yam, JC
dc.date.accessioned	2023-03-27T06:14:46Z
dc.date.available	2022-11-28
dc.date.available	2023-03-27T06:14:46Z
dc.date.issued	2023-04
dc.identifier.citation	Ophthalmol Ther, 2023, 12, (2), pp. 925-938
dc.identifier.issn	2193-8245
dc.identifier.issn	2193-6528
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/168603
dc.description.abstract	INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the habitual reading distance among non-myopic children and also myopic children with undercorrection and with full correction. METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional study with a total of 2363 children aged 6-8 years who were recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Cycloplegic autorefraction, subjective refraction, habitual visual acuity, and best corrected visual acuity were measured. The entire reading process (9 min) was recorded using a hidden video camera placed 5 m away from the reading desk. Reading distances were taken at 6, 7, 8, and 9 min after the child began reading and were measured using a customized computer program developed in MATLAB. The main outcome was the association of habitual reading distances with refraction status. Habitual reading distances of children were documented via video camera footage. RESULTS: The habitual reading distances of undercorrected myopic children (23.37 ± 4.31 cm) were the shortest when compared to non-myopic children (24.20 ± 4.73 cm, P = 0.002) and fully corrected myopic children (24.81 ± 5.21 cm, P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the last two children groups (P = 0.17). A shorter reading distance was associated with myopia (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.11-2.51; P = 0.013) after adjusting for age, sex, height, near work time, outdoor time, and parental myopia. The association of reading distance with myopia did not hold after undercorrected myopic children were excluded (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.55-1.73; P = 0.92). A shorter reading distance correlated with poorer vision under habitual correction (β = - 0.003, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A shorter reading distance was present among undercorrected myopic children. Myopia undercorrection is not recommended as a strategy for slowing myopic progression.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Springer Nature
dc.relation.ispartof	Ophthalmol Ther
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1007/s40123-022-00628-2
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	Effect of Myopic Undercorrection on Habitual Reading Distance in Schoolchildren: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	12
utslib.location.activity	England
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health/GSH.Orthoptics
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-03-27T06:14:37Z
pubs.issue	2
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	12
utslib.citation.issue	2

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the habitual reading distance among non-myopic children and also myopic children with undercorrection and with full correction. METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional study with a total of 2363 children aged 6-8 years who were recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Cycloplegic autorefraction, subjective refraction, habitual visual acuity, and best corrected visual acuity were measured. The entire reading process (9 min) was recorded using a hidden video camera placed 5 m away from the reading desk. Reading distances were taken at 6, 7, 8, and 9 min after the child began reading and were measured using a customized computer program developed in MATLAB. The main outcome was the association of habitual reading distances with refraction status. Habitual reading distances of children were documented via video camera footage. RESULTS: The habitual reading distances of undercorrected myopic children (23.37 ± 4.31 cm) were the shortest when compared to non-myopic children (24.20 ± 4.73 cm, P = 0.002) and fully corrected myopic children (24.81 ± 5.21 cm, P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the last two children groups (P = 0.17). A shorter reading distance was associated with myopia (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.11-2.51; P = 0.013) after adjusting for age, sex, height, near work time, outdoor time, and parental myopia. The association of reading distance with myopia did not hold after undercorrected myopic children were excluded (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.55-1.73; P = 0.92). A shorter reading distance correlated with poorer vision under habitual correction (β = - 0.003, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A shorter reading distance was present among undercorrected myopic children. Myopia undercorrection is not recommended as a strategy for slowing myopic progression.

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