Heterogeneous Catalyzed Biodiesel Production Using Cosolvent: A Mini Review

Khan, HM; Iqbal, T; Yasin, S; Irfan, M; Abbas, MM; Veza, I; Soudagar, MEM; Abdelrahman, A; Kalam, MA

Heterogeneous Catalyzed Biodiesel Production Using Cosolvent: A Mini Review

Khan, HM Iqbal, T Yasin, S Irfan, M Abbas, MM Veza, I Soudagar, MEM Abdelrahman, A Kalam, MA

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Publisher:: MDPI
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Sustainability (Switzerland), 2022, 14, (9)
Issue Date:: 2022-05-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Khan, HM
dc.contributor.author	Iqbal, T
dc.contributor.author	Yasin, S
dc.contributor.author	Irfan, M
dc.contributor.author	Abbas, MM
dc.contributor.author	Veza, I
dc.contributor.author	Soudagar, MEM
dc.contributor.author	Abdelrahman, A
dc.contributor.author	Kalam, MA
dc.date.accessioned	2023-04-10T23:45:43Z
dc.date.available	2023-04-10T23:45:43Z
dc.date.issued	2022-05-01
dc.identifier.citation	Sustainability (Switzerland), 2022, 14, (9)
dc.identifier.issn	2071-1050
dc.identifier.issn	2071-1050
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/169442
dc.description.abstract	Biodiesel is gaining recognition as a good replacement for typical diesel owing to its re-newability, sustainability, and eco-friendly nature. Transesterification is the leading route for biodiesel generation, which occurs during homogeneous/heterogeneous/enzymatic catalysis. Besides this, the usage of heterogeneous catalysts is considered more advantageous over homogeneous catalysts due to the easy catalyst recovery. Consequently, numerous heterogeneous catalysts have been synthesized from multiple sources with the intention of making the manufacturing process more efficient and cost-effective. Alongside this, numerous researchers have attempted to improve the biodiesel yield using heterogeneous catalysts by introducing cosolvents, such that phase limitation between oil and alcohol can be minimized. This short review is aimed at examining the investigations performed to date on heterogeneously catalyzed biodiesel generation in the presence of different cosolvents. It encompasses the techniques for heterogeneous catalyst synthesis, reported in the literature available for heterogeneous catalyzed biodiesel generation using cosolvents and their effects. It also suggests that the application of cosolvent in heterogeneously catalyzed three-phase systems substantially reduces the mass transfer limitation between alcohol and oil phases, which leads to enhancements in biodiesel yield along with reductions in values of optimized parameters, with catalyst weight ranges from 1 to 15 wt. %, and alcohol/oil ratio ranges from 5.5 to 20. The reaction time for getting the maximum conversion ranges from 10 to 600 min in the presence of different cosolvents. Alongside this, most of the time, the biodiesel yield remained above 90% in the presence of cosolvents.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	MDPI
dc.relation.ispartof	Sustainability (Switzerland)
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/su14095062
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	12 Built Environment and Design
dc.title	Heterogeneous Catalyzed Biodiesel Production Using Cosolvent: A Mini Review
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	14
utslib.for	12 Built Environment and Design
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-04-10T23:45:42Z
pubs.issue	9
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	14
utslib.citation.issue	9

Abstract:

Biodiesel is gaining recognition as a good replacement for typical diesel owing to its re-newability, sustainability, and eco-friendly nature. Transesterification is the leading route for biodiesel generation, which occurs during homogeneous/heterogeneous/enzymatic catalysis. Besides this, the usage of heterogeneous catalysts is considered more advantageous over homogeneous catalysts due to the easy catalyst recovery. Consequently, numerous heterogeneous catalysts have been synthesized from multiple sources with the intention of making the manufacturing process more efficient and cost-effective. Alongside this, numerous researchers have attempted to improve the biodiesel yield using heterogeneous catalysts by introducing cosolvents, such that phase limitation between oil and alcohol can be minimized. This short review is aimed at examining the investigations performed to date on heterogeneously catalyzed biodiesel generation in the presence of different cosolvents. It encompasses the techniques for heterogeneous catalyst synthesis, reported in the literature available for heterogeneous catalyzed biodiesel generation using cosolvents and their effects. It also suggests that the application of cosolvent in heterogeneously catalyzed three-phase systems substantially reduces the mass transfer limitation between alcohol and oil phases, which leads to enhancements in biodiesel yield along with reductions in values of optimized parameters, with catalyst weight ranges from 1 to 15 wt. %, and alcohol/oil ratio ranges from 5.5 to 20. The reaction time for getting the maximum conversion ranges from 10 to 600 min in the presence of different cosolvents. Alongside this, most of the time, the biodiesel yield remained above 90% in the presence of cosolvents.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/169442