Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers.

Clements, E; Ehrmann, F; Clark, A; Jones, M; McCall, A; Duffield, R

Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers.

Clements, E Ehrmann, F Clark, A Jones, M McCall, A

Duffield, R

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Publisher:: Human Kinetics
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2023, 18, (3), pp. 268-275
Issue Date:: 2023-03-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Clements, E
dc.contributor.author	Ehrmann, F
dc.contributor.author	Clark, A
dc.contributor.author	Jones, M
dc.contributor.author	McCall, A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-8153
dc.contributor.author	Duffield, R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-1314
dc.date.accessioned	2023-09-19T00:20:22Z
dc.date.available	2022-11-07
dc.date.available	2023-09-19T00:20:22Z
dc.date.issued	2023-03-01
dc.identifier.citation	Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2023, 18, (3), pp. 268-275
dc.identifier.issn	1555-0265
dc.identifier.issn	1555-0273
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/172172
dc.description.abstract	PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between (1) time zone difference and (2) travel direction (east vs west) with posttravel changes in perceptual responses of national-team footballers. METHODS: Travel schedules from 355 national-team trips (50 elite soccer players) were verified using an online flight database. All players provided perceptual ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, soreness, and stress to calculate changes in scores up to 2 days after travel. Trips were categorized as <3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, or 9+ time zone changes, along with travel direction (eastward or westward). The pretravel to posttravel changes in perceptual ratings at days 1 and 2 postarrival were compared between time zone change and travel direction with linear mixed models. RESULTS: For every time zone crossed, poorer ratings of perceptual fatigue (β = 0.068, P < .001), sleep (β = 0.095, P < .001), soreness (β = 0.0049, P < .001), and total wellness (β = 0.214, P < .001) were observed. However, the models explained only small proportions of the variation in postflight perceptual responses (7%-18%). Regardless, travel across 9+ time zones resulted in significantly worse perceived fatigue, sleep, and total wellness for days 1 and 2 postarrival compared with travel with <6 time zones (P < .05). Additionally, fatigue, sleep, and total scores were worse on day 2 following trips of 9+ time zones. Eastward travel resulted in poorer sleep ratings (β = 0.52, P < .001) than westward travel within time zone groupings. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptual ratings of fatigue and sleep become progressively worse as travel increases in national-team soccer players, especially after travel across 9+ time zones and eastward travel.
dc.format	Electronic-Print
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Human Kinetics
dc.relation.ispartof	Int J Sports Physiol Perform
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1123/ijspp.2022-0230
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights	Accepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2023, 18 (3): 268-275, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2022-0230. © Human Kinetics, Inc.
dc.subject	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1116 Medical Physiology, 1701 Psychology
dc.subject.classification	Sport Sciences
dc.subject.classification	3202 Clinical sciences
dc.subject.classification	3208 Medical physiology
dc.subject.classification	4207 Sports science and exercise
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Jet Lag Syndrome
dc.subject.mesh	Travel
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep
dc.subject.mesh	Fatigue
dc.subject.mesh	Soccer
dc.subject.mesh	Pain
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Jet Lag Syndrome
dc.subject.mesh	Pain
dc.subject.mesh	Fatigue
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep
dc.subject.mesh	Soccer
dc.subject.mesh	Travel
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Jet Lag Syndrome
dc.subject.mesh	Travel
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep
dc.subject.mesh	Fatigue
dc.subject.mesh	Soccer
dc.subject.mesh	Pain
dc.title	Travel Across More Time Zones Results in Worse Perceived Fatigue and Sleep in National-Team Footballers.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	18
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences
utslib.for	1116 Medical Physiology
utslib.for	1701 Psychology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHSP - Health Services and Practice
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-09-19T00:20:21Z
pubs.issue	3
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	18
utslib.citation.issue	3

Abstract:

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between (1) time zone difference and (2) travel direction (east vs west) with posttravel changes in perceptual responses of national-team footballers. METHODS: Travel schedules from 355 national-team trips (50 elite soccer players) were verified using an online flight database. All players provided perceptual ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, soreness, and stress to calculate changes in scores up to 2 days after travel. Trips were categorized as <3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, or 9+ time zone changes, along with travel direction (eastward or westward). The pretravel to posttravel changes in perceptual ratings at days 1 and 2 postarrival were compared between time zone change and travel direction with linear mixed models. RESULTS: For every time zone crossed, poorer ratings of perceptual fatigue (β = 0.068, P < .001), sleep (β = 0.095, P < .001), soreness (β = 0.0049, P < .001), and total wellness (β = 0.214, P < .001) were observed. However, the models explained only small proportions of the variation in postflight perceptual responses (7%-18%). Regardless, travel across 9+ time zones resulted in significantly worse perceived fatigue, sleep, and total wellness for days 1 and 2 postarrival compared with travel with <6 time zones (P < .05). Additionally, fatigue, sleep, and total scores were worse on day 2 following trips of 9+ time zones. Eastward travel resulted in poorer sleep ratings (β = 0.52, P < .001) than westward travel within time zone groupings. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptual ratings of fatigue and sleep become progressively worse as travel increases in national-team soccer players, especially after travel across 9+ time zones and eastward travel.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/172172