Addressing Ciguatera Risk Using Biosensors for the Detection of Gambierdiscus and Ciguatoxins
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Publication Type:
- Chapter
- Citation:
- Biosensors for the Marine Environment Present and Future Challenges, 2023, 122, pp. 21-46
- Issue Date:
- 2023-01-01
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Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is one of the most relevant seafood-borne diseases worldwide. It is caused by the ingestion of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs), potent marine neurotoxins produced by microalgae of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. These genera are endemic of the tropical and subtropical areas of the world, but in recent times are being found more and more in temperate areas, such as the Mediterranean Sea. In order to properly assess and manage CFP risk, the detection of Gambierdiscus/Fukuyoa species and the discrimination between toxic and non-toxic fish specimens are crucial. To tackle these challenges, biosensors have recently been developed for the detection not only of CTXs in fish and microalgae samples but also of the DNA of the responsible microalgae in the environment. These tools are sensitive, specific, rapid, robust, reliable, easy to use, and they could represent a step forward towards in situ detection, helping in the CFP risk management and protecting human health.
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