2-D Wide-Angle Multi-Beam Flat GRIN Lens with A High Aperture Efficiency

Song, LZ; Ansari, M; Qin, PY; Maci, S; Du, J; Jay Guo, Y

2-D Wide-Angle Multi-Beam Flat GRIN Lens with A High Aperture Efficiency

Song, LZ Ansari, M

Qin, PY Maci, S Du, J Jay Guo, Y

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Publisher:: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71, (10), pp. 8018-8029
Issue Date:: 2023-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Song, LZ
dc.contributor.author	Ansari, M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-1251
dc.contributor.author	Qin, PY
dc.contributor.author	Maci, S
dc.contributor.author	Du, J
dc.contributor.author	Jay Guo, Y
dc.date.accessioned	2023-10-29T02:17:57Z
dc.date.available	2023-10-29T02:17:57Z
dc.date.issued	2023-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2023, 71, (10), pp. 8018-8029
dc.identifier.issn	0018-926X
dc.identifier.issn	1558-2221
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/172887
dc.description.abstract	High-aperture-efficiency 2-dimensional (2-D) multi-beam flat gradient-index (GRIN) lenses are developed in this work. New methods based on bifocal analysis are found to determine the refractive-index profile of the lens as well as feed positions along a circular feed locus to enable independent wide-angle multi-beam radiations. Distinct formulas for the GRIN profile are provided for two different purposes: i) multi-beam with good average performance in all azimuthal planes or ii) radiation performance optimized in a specific azimuthal plane. The latter solution requires a GRIN variation in both azimuthal and radial variables. Subwavelength triple-metal-layer unit cells are designed to emulate the local refractive indices. A 2-D multi-beam GRIN lens, fed by 13-modules of 2×2 patch arrays displaced along <italic>xoz</italic> and <italic>yoz</italic> focus loci, has been successfully simulated, fabricated, and measured. Wide-angle multi-beam radiations have been obtained with a beam coverage of around ±45° in both <italic>xoz</italic> and <italic>yoz</italic> planes. The multi-beam radiation patterns are stable in a 22.2% bandwidth from 12 GHz to 15 GHz. The beam-scanning losses in this operating band are 1-2.6 dB and 2.1-3.9 dB in <italic>xoz</italic> and <italic>yoz</italic> planes, respectively. The measured peak realized gain is 22.3 dBi at 13.4 GHz, corresponding to an aperture efficiency of 66.4%.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220101158
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP230101955
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/TAP.2023.3298143
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1005 Communications Technologies
dc.subject.classification	Networking & Telecommunications
dc.subject.classification	4006 Communications engineering
dc.subject.classification	4008 Electrical engineering
dc.subject.classification	4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
dc.title	2-D Wide-Angle Multi-Beam Flat GRIN Lens with A High Aperture Efficiency
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	71
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
utslib.for	1005 Communications Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - GBDTC - Global Big Data Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical and Data Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	in_progress	*
dc.date.updated	2023-10-29T02:17:50Z
pubs.issue	10
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	71
utslib.citation.issue	10

Abstract:

High-aperture-efficiency 2-dimensional (2-D) multi-beam flat gradient-index (GRIN) lenses are developed in this work. New methods based on bifocal analysis are found to determine the refractive-index profile of the lens as well as feed positions along a circular feed locus to enable independent wide-angle multi-beam radiations. Distinct formulas for the GRIN profile are provided for two different purposes: i) multi-beam with good average performance in all azimuthal planes or ii) radiation performance optimized in a specific azimuthal plane. The latter solution requires a GRIN variation in both azimuthal and radial variables. Subwavelength triple-metal-layer unit cells are designed to emulate the local refractive indices. A 2-D multi-beam GRIN lens, fed by 13-modules of 2×2 patch arrays displaced along xoz and yoz focus loci, has been successfully simulated, fabricated, and measured. Wide-angle multi-beam radiations have been obtained with a beam coverage of around ±45° in both xoz and yoz planes. The multi-beam radiation patterns are stable in a 22.2% bandwidth from 12 GHz to 15 GHz. The beam-scanning losses in this operating band are 1-2.6 dB and 2.1-3.9 dB in xoz and yoz planes, respectively. The measured peak realized gain is 22.3 dBi at 13.4 GHz, corresponding to an aperture efficiency of 66.4%.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/172887