Novel insights on the genetic population structure of human-infecting Cyclospora spp. and evidence for rapid subtype selection among isolates from the USA.

Jacobson, DK; Peterson, AC; Qvarnstrom, Y; Barratt, JLN

Novel insights on the genetic population structure of human-infecting Cyclospora spp. and evidence for rapid subtype selection among isolates from the USA.

Jacobson, DK Peterson, AC Qvarnstrom, Y Barratt, JLN

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Publisher:: Elsevier
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis, 2023, 4, pp. 100145
Issue Date:: 2023

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Jacobson, DK
dc.contributor.author	Peterson, AC
dc.contributor.author	Qvarnstrom, Y
dc.contributor.author	Barratt, JLN
dc.date.accessioned	2024-02-06T04:02:05Z
dc.date.available	2023-09-19
dc.date.available	2024-02-06T04:02:05Z
dc.date.issued	2023
dc.identifier.citation	Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis, 2023, 4, pp. 100145
dc.identifier.issn	2667-114X
dc.identifier.issn	2667-114X
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/175358
dc.description.abstract	Human-infecting Cyclospora was recently characterized as three species, two of which (C. cayetanensis and C. ashfordi) are currently responsible for all known human infections in the USA, yet much remains unknown about the genetic structure within these two species. Here, we investigate Cyclospora genotyping data from 2018 through 2022 to ascertain if there are temporal patterns in the genetic structure of Cyclospora parasites that cause infections in US residents from year to year. First, we investigate three levels of genetic characterization: species, subpopulation, and strain, to elucidate annual trends in Cyclospora infections. Next, we determine if shifts in genetic diversity can be linked to any of the eight loci used in our Cyclospora genotyping approach. We observed fluctuations in the abundance of Cyclospora types at the species and subpopulation levels, but no significant temporal trends were identified; however, we found recurrent and sporadic strains within both C. ashfordi and C. cayetanensis. We also uncovered major shifts in the mitochondrial genotypes in both species, where there was a universal increase in abundance of a specific mitochondrial genotype that was relatively abundant in 2018 but reached near fixation (was observed in over 96% of isolates) in C. ashfordi by 2022. Similarly, this allele jumped from 29% to 82% relative abundance of isolates belonging to C. cayetanensis. Overall, our analysis uncovers previously unknown temporal-genetic patterns in US Cyclospora types from 2018 through 2022 and is an important step to presenting a clearer picture of the factors influencing cyclosporiasis outbreaks in the USA.
dc.format	Electronic-eCollection
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100145
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.classification	3009 Veterinary sciences
dc.subject.classification	3107 Microbiology
dc.subject.classification	3207 Medical microbiology
dc.title	Novel insights on the genetic population structure of human-infecting Cyclospora spp. and evidence for rapid subtype selection among isolates from the USA.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	4
utslib.location.activity	Netherlands
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-02-06T04:02:04Z
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	4

Abstract:

Human-infecting Cyclospora was recently characterized as three species, two of which (C. cayetanensis and C. ashfordi) are currently responsible for all known human infections in the USA, yet much remains unknown about the genetic structure within these two species. Here, we investigate Cyclospora genotyping data from 2018 through 2022 to ascertain if there are temporal patterns in the genetic structure of Cyclospora parasites that cause infections in US residents from year to year. First, we investigate three levels of genetic characterization: species, subpopulation, and strain, to elucidate annual trends in Cyclospora infections. Next, we determine if shifts in genetic diversity can be linked to any of the eight loci used in our Cyclospora genotyping approach. We observed fluctuations in the abundance of Cyclospora types at the species and subpopulation levels, but no significant temporal trends were identified; however, we found recurrent and sporadic strains within both C. ashfordi and C. cayetanensis. We also uncovered major shifts in the mitochondrial genotypes in both species, where there was a universal increase in abundance of a specific mitochondrial genotype that was relatively abundant in 2018 but reached near fixation (was observed in over 96% of isolates) in C. ashfordi by 2022. Similarly, this allele jumped from 29% to 82% relative abundance of isolates belonging to C. cayetanensis. Overall, our analysis uncovers previously unknown temporal-genetic patterns in US Cyclospora types from 2018 through 2022 and is an important step to presenting a clearer picture of the factors influencing cyclosporiasis outbreaks in the USA.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/175358