Soccer Players' Sleep Quality and Training Load Were Affected by the COVID-19 Lockdown: An International Survey.

Romdhani, M; Washif, JA; Taylor, L; Chamari, K; “Athletes’ Sleep During the Lockdown International Survey” Group Members,

Soccer Players' Sleep Quality and Training Load Were Affected by the COVID-19 Lockdown: An International Survey.

Romdhani, M Washif, JA Taylor, L Chamari, K “Athletes’ Sleep During the Lockdown International Survey” Group Members,

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Publisher:: Human Kinetics
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2023, 18, (5), pp. 530-540
Issue Date:: 2023-05-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Romdhani, M
dc.contributor.author	Washif, JA
dc.contributor.author	Taylor, L
dc.contributor.author	Chamari, K
dc.contributor.author	“Athletes’ Sleep During the Lockdown International Survey” Group Members,
dc.date.accessioned	2024-05-28T21:19:38Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-01
dc.date.available	2024-05-28T21:19:38Z
dc.date.issued	2023-05-01
dc.identifier.citation	Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2023, 18, (5), pp. 530-540
dc.identifier.issn	1555-0265
dc.identifier.issn	1555-0273
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/179290
dc.description.abstract	BACKGROUND: The effect of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on athlete sleep and training behavior is documented, albeit without a worldwide soccer-specific focus. METHOD: Soccer (football) players (N = 1639; 30 countries; age 22.5 [5.7] y; 81% ≤25 y; 56% male; 30% elite; 66% Muslim) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire related to their behavioral habits before and during COVID-19 lockdown (survey period July to September 2020), including (1) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI, (2) Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), (3) bespoke questions about training behaviors, and (4) Muslim player focused sleep and training behavior questions. RESULTS: During lockdown (compared to prelockdown), PSQI (P < .001; moderate effect size [ES]) and ISI (P < .001; moderate ES) scores were higher in the overall sample and in elite versus nonelite (PSQI: P < .05; small ES and ISI: P < .001; small ES), >25 years versus ≤25 years (PSQI: P < .01; small ES and ISI: P < .001; moderate ES), females versus males (PSQI: P < .001; small ES), <1 month versus >1 month lockdown (PSQI: P < .05; small ES and ISI: P < .05; small ES), and players maintaining versus reducing training intensity (PSQI: P < .001; moderate ES and ISI: P < .001; small ES). Muslim players (41%) reported unfavorable sleep and/or training behaviors during Ramadan in lockdown compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. CONCLUSIONS: Specific subgroups appear more vulnerable to lockdown effects, with training-intensity maintenance moderating negative effects relative to sleep. Policy and support (respectful of subgroup nuances) during lockdown-like challenges that facilitate training (including intensity) appear prudent, given their favorable relationship with sleep, mental health, and physical health, in the present data and elsewhere.
dc.format	Electronic-Print
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Human Kinetics
dc.relation.ispartof	Int J Sports Physiol Perform
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1123/ijspp.2022-0187
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1116 Medical Physiology, 1701 Psychology
dc.subject.classification	Sport Sciences
dc.subject.classification	3202 Clinical sciences
dc.subject.classification	3208 Medical physiology
dc.subject.classification	4207 Sports science and exercise
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Soccer
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep Quality
dc.subject.mesh	Retrospective Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Disease Control
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Retrospective Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Disease Control
dc.subject.mesh	Soccer
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep Quality
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Soccer
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep Quality
dc.subject.mesh	Retrospective Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Disease Control
dc.subject.mesh	Sleep
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.title	Soccer Players' Sleep Quality and Training Load Were Affected by the COVID-19 Lockdown: An International Survey.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	18
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences
utslib.for	1116 Medical Physiology
utslib.for	1701 Psychology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-05-28T21:19:36Z
pubs.issue	5
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	18
utslib.citation.issue	5

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The effect of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on athlete sleep and training behavior is documented, albeit without a worldwide soccer-specific focus. METHOD: Soccer (football) players (N = 1639; 30 countries; age 22.5 [5.7] y; 81% ≤25 y; 56% male; 30% elite; 66% Muslim) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire related to their behavioral habits before and during COVID-19 lockdown (survey period July to September 2020), including (1) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI, (2) Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), (3) bespoke questions about training behaviors, and (4) Muslim player focused sleep and training behavior questions. RESULTS: During lockdown (compared to prelockdown), PSQI (P < .001; moderate effect size [ES]) and ISI (P < .001; moderate ES) scores were higher in the overall sample and in elite versus nonelite (PSQI: P < .05; small ES and ISI: P < .001; small ES), >25 years versus ≤25 years (PSQI: P < .01; small ES and ISI: P < .001; moderate ES), females versus males (PSQI: P < .001; small ES), <1 month versus >1 month lockdown (PSQI: P < .05; small ES and ISI: P < .05; small ES), and players maintaining versus reducing training intensity (PSQI: P < .001; moderate ES and ISI: P < .001; small ES). Muslim players (41%) reported unfavorable sleep and/or training behaviors during Ramadan in lockdown compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. CONCLUSIONS: Specific subgroups appear more vulnerable to lockdown effects, with training-intensity maintenance moderating negative effects relative to sleep. Policy and support (respectful of subgroup nuances) during lockdown-like challenges that facilitate training (including intensity) appear prudent, given their favorable relationship with sleep, mental health, and physical health, in the present data and elsewhere.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/179290