Characterization and inter-strain variability in ichthyotoxicity of Heterocapsa ovata (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) from temperate waters of South Australia

Verma, A; Gaiani, G; Hoppenrath, M; Dorantes-Aranda, JJ; Smith, K; Kohli, GS; Wilkinson, C; Hallegraeff, GM; Murray, SA

Characterization and inter-strain variability in ichthyotoxicity of Heterocapsa ovata (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) from temperate waters of South Australia

Verma, A Gaiani, G

Hoppenrath, M Dorantes-Aranda, JJ Smith, K Kohli, GS Wilkinson, C Hallegraeff, GM Murray, SA

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Publisher:: Frontiers
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Frontiers in Protistology, 2, pp. 1422481

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Verma, A
dc.contributor.author	Gaiani, G https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-8145
dc.contributor.author	Hoppenrath, M
dc.contributor.author	Dorantes-Aranda, JJ
dc.contributor.author	Smith, K
dc.contributor.author	Kohli, GS
dc.contributor.author	Wilkinson, C
dc.contributor.author	Hallegraeff, GM
dc.contributor.author	Murray, SA
dc.date.accessioned	2024-12-20T05:11:26Z
dc.date.available	2024-12-20T05:11:26Z
dc.identifier.citation	Frontiers in Protistology, 2, pp. 1422481
dc.identifier.issn	2813-849X
dc.identifier.issn	2813-849X
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/182735
dc.description.abstract	<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming species and populations exhibit substantial intraspecific functional trait variation, which can confer eco-evolutionary advantages. Phenotypic variability among populations can buffer the immediate detrimental effects of environmental fluctuations, with more diverse populations expected to survive changing conditions more efficiently than their uniform counterparts.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>In February 2014, a mixed fish-killing dinoflagellate bloom occurred in the temperate waters of Coffin Bay, South Australia, causing the death of oysters and fish in the area. The bloom was dominated by <jats:italic>Karenia mikimotoi</jats:italic> and a cryptic species of <jats:italic>Heterocapsa</jats:italic>. Twenty-one monoclonal <jats:italic>Heterocapsa</jats:italic> isolates were established from the site and identified as <jats:italic>H. ovata</jats:italic> using microscopy and universal ribosomal markers (ITS/5.8S and LSU D1/D3 rDNA regions; SSU and cob were used for amplicon sequencing). These isolates were tested for ichthyotoxicity using a bioassay based on cells from the gills of rainbow trout (<jats:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</jats:italic>). Culture fraction preparations (whole cells, supernatant, and lysed cells) were analyzed to determine ichthyotoxicity levels.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The highest ichthyotoxicity was observed in lysed cells, with surprisingly high inter-strain variability. This suggests that different strains of <jats:italic>H. ovata</jats:italic> have varying levels of toxicity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>Results from this study expand our understanding of the adaptive strategies of HAB species and enable predictions of future population dynamics under changing climatic conditions. The substantial phenotypic variability among <jats:italic>H. ovatastrains</jats:italic> highlights the potential for diverse responses to environmental stressors, underscoring the importance of considering intraspecific variation in ecological and evolutionary studies of HABs.</jats:p></jats:sec>
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Frontiers
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT120100704
dc.relation.ispartof	Frontiers in Protistology
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3389/frpro.2024.1422481
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	Characterization and inter-strain variability in ichthyotoxicity of Heterocapsa ovata (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) from temperate waters of South Australia
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	2
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2024-12-20T05:11:23Z
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	2

Abstract:

IntroductionHarmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming species and populations exhibit substantial intraspecific functional trait variation, which can confer eco-evolutionary advantages. Phenotypic variability among populations can buffer the immediate detrimental effects of environmental fluctuations, with more diverse populations expected to survive changing conditions more efficiently than their uniform counterparts.MethodsIn February 2014, a mixed fish-killing dinoflagellate bloom occurred in the temperate waters of Coffin Bay, South Australia, causing the death of oysters and fish in the area. The bloom was dominated by Karenia mikimotoi and a cryptic species of Heterocapsa. Twenty-one monoclonal Heterocapsa isolates were established from the site and identified as H. ovata using microscopy and universal ribosomal markers (ITS/5.8S and LSU D1/D3 rDNA regions; SSU and cob were used for amplicon sequencing). These isolates were tested for ichthyotoxicity using a bioassay based on cells from the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Culture fraction preparations (whole cells, supernatant, and lysed cells) were analyzed to determine ichthyotoxicity levels.ResultsThe highest ichthyotoxicity was observed in lysed cells, with surprisingly high inter-strain variability. This suggests that different strains of H. ovata have varying levels of toxicity.DiscussionResults from this study expand our understanding of the adaptive strategies of HAB species and enable predictions of future population dynamics under changing climatic conditions. The substantial phenotypic variability among H. ovatastrains highlights the potential for diverse responses to environmental stressors, underscoring the importance of considering intraspecific variation in ecological and evolutionary studies of HABs.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/182735