Measuring early maladaptive schemas (EMS): preliminary development of a brief Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-Brief)

Hatoum, AH; Abbott, MJ; Burton, AL

Measuring early maladaptive schemas (EMS): preliminary development of a brief Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-Brief)

Hatoum, AH Abbott, MJ Burton, AL

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Publisher:: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Clinical Psychologist, 2024, ahead-of-print, (ahead-of-print)
Issue Date:: 2024-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Hatoum, AH
dc.contributor.author	Abbott, MJ
dc.contributor.author	Burton, AL
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-13T23:15:18Z
dc.date.available	2025-01-13T23:15:18Z
dc.date.issued	2024-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Clinical Psychologist, 2024, ahead-of-print, (ahead-of-print)
dc.identifier.issn	1328-4207
dc.identifier.issn	1742-9552
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/183403
dc.description.abstract	Objective: Although the Young Schema Questionnaire and its current variants have been widely used, its continued use would be strengthened practically if a briefer version was available for clinical assessment and research. This study aimed to provide an assessment of the psychometric properties of the original YSQ-S3 and to create a brief version (YSQ-Brief) with equal or superior psychometric properties to the YSQ-S3. Methods: A non-clinical sample of university students (N = 800) completed an online test battery of questionnaires. Diagnostic groups were created based off current self-report of a mental health diagnosis (e.g. generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder), and an eating disorder symptomatic subgroup created based on Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire scores. Psychometric evaluations were conducted, including confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency and validity analyses (criterion and construct). Further, group differences and relationships between mental health symptomatology and early maladaptive schemas (EMS) were examined. Results: Both the YSQ-S3 and the revised YSQ-Brief displayed good model fit. Further, using both measures, all 18 EMS dimensions displayed acceptable internal consistency, good construct validity, ability to discriminate between diagnostic groups, and relationships with depression, anxiety, stress, and eating disorder symptomatology. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that both the YSQ-S3 and the revised YSQ-Brief are valid, reliable and clinically useful measures. However, the YSQ-Brief provides greater efficiency and reduced burden, as well as equal psychometric soundness as compared to the original measure.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
dc.relation.ispartof	Clinical Psychologist
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1080/13284207.2024.2428248
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights	This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Clinical Psychologist on 27 Nov 2024, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13284207.2024.2428248
dc.subject	1701 Psychology, 1702 Cognitive Sciences
dc.subject.classification	5201 Applied and developmental psychology
dc.subject.classification	5203 Clinical and health psychology
dc.title	Measuring early maladaptive schemas (EMS): preliminary development of a brief Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-Brief)
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	ahead-of-print
utslib.for	1701 Psychology
utslib.for	1702 Cognitive Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Graduate School of Health/GSH.Clinical Psychology
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2025-01-13T23:15:16Z
pubs.issue	ahead-of-print
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	ahead-of-print
utslib.citation.issue	ahead-of-print

Abstract:

Objective: Although the Young Schema Questionnaire and its current variants have been widely used, its continued use would be strengthened practically if a briefer version was available for clinical assessment and research. This study aimed to provide an assessment of the psychometric properties of the original YSQ-S3 and to create a brief version (YSQ-Brief) with equal or superior psychometric properties to the YSQ-S3. Methods: A non-clinical sample of university students (N = 800) completed an online test battery of questionnaires. Diagnostic groups were created based off current self-report of a mental health diagnosis (e.g. generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder), and an eating disorder symptomatic subgroup created based on Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire scores. Psychometric evaluations were conducted, including confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency and validity analyses (criterion and construct). Further, group differences and relationships between mental health symptomatology and early maladaptive schemas (EMS) were examined. Results: Both the YSQ-S3 and the revised YSQ-Brief displayed good model fit. Further, using both measures, all 18 EMS dimensions displayed acceptable internal consistency, good construct validity, ability to discriminate between diagnostic groups, and relationships with depression, anxiety, stress, and eating disorder symptomatology. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that both the YSQ-S3 and the revised YSQ-Brief are valid, reliable and clinically useful measures. However, the YSQ-Brief provides greater efficiency and reduced burden, as well as equal psychometric soundness as compared to the original measure.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/183403