Emerging recombinant noroviruses identified by clinical and waste water screening.

Lun, JH; Hewitt, J; Sitabkhan, A; Eden, J-S; Enosi Tuipulotu, D; Netzler, NE; Morrell, L; Merif, J; Jones, R; Huang, B; Warrilow, D; Ressler, K-A; Ferson, MJ; Dwyer, DE; Kok, J; Rawlinson, WD; Deere, D; Crosbie, ND; White, PA

Emerging recombinant noroviruses identified by clinical and waste water screening.

Lun, JH Hewitt, J Sitabkhan, A Eden, J-S Enosi Tuipulotu, D

Netzler, NE Morrell, L Merif, J Jones, R Huang, B Warrilow, D Ressler, K-A Ferson, MJ Dwyer, DE Kok, J Rawlinson, WD Deere, D Crosbie, ND White, PA

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Publisher:: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Emerg Microbes Infect, 2018, 7, (1), pp. 50
Issue Date:: 2018-03-29

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Lun, JH
dc.contributor.author	Hewitt, J
dc.contributor.author	Sitabkhan, A
dc.contributor.author	Eden, J-S
dc.contributor.author	Enosi Tuipulotu, D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-4633
dc.contributor.author	Netzler, NE
dc.contributor.author	Morrell, L
dc.contributor.author	Merif, J
dc.contributor.author	Jones, R
dc.contributor.author	Huang, B
dc.contributor.author	Warrilow, D
dc.contributor.author	Ressler, K-A
dc.contributor.author	Ferson, MJ
dc.contributor.author	Dwyer, DE
dc.contributor.author	Kok, J
dc.contributor.author	Rawlinson, WD
dc.contributor.author	Deere, D
dc.contributor.author	Crosbie, ND
dc.contributor.author	White, PA
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-15T13:46:21Z
dc.date.available	2018-01-31
dc.date.available	2025-01-15T13:46:21Z
dc.date.issued	2018-03-29
dc.identifier.citation	Emerg Microbes Infect, 2018, 7, (1), pp. 50
dc.identifier.issn	2222-1751
dc.identifier.issn	2222-1751
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/183666
dc.description.abstract	Norovirus is estimated to cause 677 million annual cases of gastroenteritis worldwide, resulting in 210,000 deaths. As viral gastroenteritis is generally self-limiting, clinical samples for epidemiological studies only partially represent circulating noroviruses in the population and is biased towards severe symptomatic cases. As infected individuals from both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases shed viruses into the sewerage system at a high concentration, waste water samples are useful for the molecular epidemiological analysis of norovirus genotypes at a population level. Using Illumina MiSeq and Sanger sequencing, we surveyed circulating norovirus within Australia and New Zealand, from July 2014 to December 2016. Importantly, norovirus genomic diversity during 2016 was compared between clinical and waste water samples to identify potential pandemic variants, novel recombinant viruses and the timing of their emergence. Although the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant was prominent in 2014 and 2015, its prevalence significantly decreased in both clinical and waste water samples over 2016. This was concomitant with the emergence of multiple norovirus strains, including twoGII.4 Sydney 2012 recombinant viruses, GII.P4 New Orleans 2009/GII.4 Sydney 2012 and GII.P16/GII.4 Sydney 2012, along with three other emerging strains GII.17, GII.P12/GII.3 and GII.P16/GII.2. This is unusual, as a single GII.4 pandemic variant is generally responsible for 65-80% of all human norovirus infections at any one time and predominates until it is replaced by a new pandemic variant. In sumary, this study demonstrates the combined use of clinical and wastewater samples provides a more complete picture of norovirus circulating within the population.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
dc.relation.ispartof	Emerg Microbes Infect
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1038/s41426-018-0047-8
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0605 Microbiology
dc.subject.classification	3107 Microbiology
dc.subject.classification	3202 Clinical sciences
dc.subject.classification	4202 Epidemiology
dc.subject.mesh	Caliciviridae Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Diseases, Emerging
dc.subject.mesh	Gastroenteritis
dc.subject.mesh	Genotype
dc.subject.mesh	High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Norovirus
dc.subject.mesh	Pandemics
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	RNA, Viral
dc.subject.mesh	Wastewater
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Norovirus
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Diseases, Emerging
dc.subject.mesh	Caliciviridae Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Gastroenteritis
dc.subject.mesh	RNA, Viral
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Genotype
dc.subject.mesh	Pandemics
dc.subject.mesh	High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
dc.subject.mesh	Wastewater
dc.subject.mesh	Caliciviridae Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Diseases, Emerging
dc.subject.mesh	Gastroenteritis
dc.subject.mesh	Genotype
dc.subject.mesh	High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Norovirus
dc.subject.mesh	Pandemics
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	RNA, Viral
dc.subject.mesh	Wastewater
dc.title	Emerging recombinant noroviruses identified by clinical and waste water screening.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	7
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	0605 Microbiology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-01-15T13:46:18Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	7
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

Norovirus is estimated to cause 677 million annual cases of gastroenteritis worldwide, resulting in 210,000 deaths. As viral gastroenteritis is generally self-limiting, clinical samples for epidemiological studies only partially represent circulating noroviruses in the population and is biased towards severe symptomatic cases. As infected individuals from both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases shed viruses into the sewerage system at a high concentration, waste water samples are useful for the molecular epidemiological analysis of norovirus genotypes at a population level. Using Illumina MiSeq and Sanger sequencing, we surveyed circulating norovirus within Australia and New Zealand, from July 2014 to December 2016. Importantly, norovirus genomic diversity during 2016 was compared between clinical and waste water samples to identify potential pandemic variants, novel recombinant viruses and the timing of their emergence. Although the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant was prominent in 2014 and 2015, its prevalence significantly decreased in both clinical and waste water samples over 2016. This was concomitant with the emergence of multiple norovirus strains, including twoGII.4 Sydney 2012 recombinant viruses, GII.P4 New Orleans 2009/GII.4 Sydney 2012 and GII.P16/GII.4 Sydney 2012, along with three other emerging strains GII.17, GII.P12/GII.3 and GII.P16/GII.2. This is unusual, as a single GII.4 pandemic variant is generally responsible for 65-80% of all human norovirus infections at any one time and predominates until it is replaced by a new pandemic variant. In sumary, this study demonstrates the combined use of clinical and wastewater samples provides a more complete picture of norovirus circulating within the population.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/183666