Favipiravir biotransformation by a side-stream partial nitritation sludge: Transformation mechanisms, pathways and toxicity evaluation.

Xu, Y; Liu, Y; Liang, C; Guo, W; Ngo, HH; Peng, L

Favipiravir biotransformation by a side-stream partial nitritation sludge: Transformation mechanisms, pathways and toxicity evaluation.

Xu, Y Liu, Y Liang, C Guo, W

Ngo, HH Peng, L

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Publisher:: Elsevier
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Chemosphere, 2024, 353, pp. 141580
Issue Date:: 2024-04

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Xu, Y
dc.contributor.author	Liu, Y
dc.contributor.author	Liang, C
dc.contributor.author	Guo, W https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-2858
dc.contributor.author	Ngo, HH
dc.contributor.author	Peng, L
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-22T11:24:40Z
dc.date.available	2024-02-28
dc.date.available	2025-01-22T11:24:40Z
dc.date.issued	2024-04
dc.identifier.citation	Chemosphere, 2024, 353, pp. 141580
dc.identifier.issn	0045-6535
dc.identifier.issn	1879-1298
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/184021
dc.description.abstract	Information on biotransformation of antivirals in the side-stream partial nitritation (PN) process was limited. In this study, a side-stream PN sludge was adopted to investigate favipiravir biotransformation under controlled ammonium and pH levels. Results showed that free nitrous acid (FNA) was an important factor that inhibited ammonia oxidation and the cometabolic biodegradation of favipiravir induced by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The removal efficiency of favipiravir reached 12.6% and 35.0% within 6 days at the average FNA concentrations of 0.07 and 0.02 mg-N L-1, respectively. AOB-induced cometabolism was the sole contributing mechanism to favipiravir removal, excluding AOB-induced metabolism and heterotrophic bacteria-induced biodegradation. The growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited by favipiravir, while the AOB-induced cometabolism facilitated the alleviation of the antimicrobial activities with the formed transformation products. The biotransformation pathways were proposed based on the roughly identified structures of transformation products, which mainly involved hydroxylation, nitration, dehydrogenation and covalent bond breaking under enzymatic conditions. The findings would provide insights on enriching AOB abundance and enhancing AOB-induced cometabolism under FNA stress when targeting higher removal of antivirals during the side-stream wastewater treatment processes.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	Chemosphere
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141580
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences
dc.subject.classification	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Ammonia
dc.subject.mesh	Rivers
dc.subject.mesh	Oxidation-Reduction
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrous Acid
dc.subject.mesh	Biotransformation
dc.subject.mesh	Ammonium Compounds
dc.subject.mesh	Antiviral Agents
dc.subject.mesh	Bioreactors
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrites
dc.subject.mesh	Amides
dc.subject.mesh	Pyrazines
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrous Acid
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrites
dc.subject.mesh	Ammonia
dc.subject.mesh	Ammonium Compounds
dc.subject.mesh	Amides
dc.subject.mesh	Pyrazines
dc.subject.mesh	Antiviral Agents
dc.subject.mesh	Bioreactors
dc.subject.mesh	Rivers
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Oxidation-Reduction
dc.subject.mesh	Biotransformation
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Ammonia
dc.subject.mesh	Rivers
dc.subject.mesh	Oxidation-Reduction
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrous Acid
dc.subject.mesh	Biotransformation
dc.subject.mesh	Ammonium Compounds
dc.subject.mesh	Antiviral Agents
dc.subject.mesh	Bioreactors
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrites
dc.subject.mesh	Amides
dc.subject.mesh	Pyrazines
dc.title	Favipiravir biotransformation by a side-stream partial nitritation sludge: Transformation mechanisms, pathways and toxicity evaluation.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	353
utslib.location.activity	England
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
utslib.copyright.status	recently_added	*
dc.date.updated	2025-01-22T11:24:39Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	353

Abstract:

Information on biotransformation of antivirals in the side-stream partial nitritation (PN) process was limited. In this study, a side-stream PN sludge was adopted to investigate favipiravir biotransformation under controlled ammonium and pH levels. Results showed that free nitrous acid (FNA) was an important factor that inhibited ammonia oxidation and the cometabolic biodegradation of favipiravir induced by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The removal efficiency of favipiravir reached 12.6% and 35.0% within 6 days at the average FNA concentrations of 0.07 and 0.02 mg-N L-1, respectively. AOB-induced cometabolism was the sole contributing mechanism to favipiravir removal, excluding AOB-induced metabolism and heterotrophic bacteria-induced biodegradation. The growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited by favipiravir, while the AOB-induced cometabolism facilitated the alleviation of the antimicrobial activities with the formed transformation products. The biotransformation pathways were proposed based on the roughly identified structures of transformation products, which mainly involved hydroxylation, nitration, dehydrogenation and covalent bond breaking under enzymatic conditions. The findings would provide insights on enriching AOB abundance and enhancing AOB-induced cometabolism under FNA stress when targeting higher removal of antivirals during the side-stream wastewater treatment processes.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/184021