A double-blind randomised controlled trial of 25% oral glucose for pain relief in 2-month old infants undergoing immunisation

Kassab, M; Sheehy, A; King, M; Fowler, C; Foureur, M

A double-blind randomised controlled trial of 25% oral glucose for pain relief in 2-month old infants undergoing immunisation

Kassab, M Sheehy, A

King, M Fowler, C

Foureur, M

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2012, 49 (3), pp. 249 - 256
Issue Date:: 2012-03-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Kassab, M	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Sheehy, A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-1501	en_US
dc.contributor.author	King, M	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Fowler, C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-8434	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Foureur, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0454-0165	en_US
dc.date.available	2011-09-18	en_US
dc.date.issued	2012-03-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2012, 49 (3), pp. 249 - 256	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0020-7489	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/18442
dc.description.abstract	Background: Infant immunisation is the most commonly performed health procedure in developed countries. Associated pain may be harmful because we do not know what painful experiences the infant has already had and whether it might contribute to a cumulative pain experience. Healthy infants undergo immunisation with minimal pain relief. However, immunisation pain can be managed using oral sweet solutions. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of 25% oral glucose solution in reducing immunisation pain in 2-month old infants. Trial design and methods: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial conducted in Jordan. A total of 120 healthy full-term infants who met the eligibility criteria and were attending immunisation clinics for routine 2-month immunisation were randomised to receive either 2. mL of 25% oral glucose solution immediately prior to their immunisation or 2. mL of oral sterile water. Researchers, nurses and parents were blind to the solution. Primary outcome was behavioural pain measured using the Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (MBPS). Secondary outcomes were crying time and duration of full-lung cry. Crying was registered from onset of the immunisation injection and for up to 120. s after completion of the injection procedure. Results: Infants in the intervention group experienced statistically and clinically significant reduction in behavioural pain responses (p< 0.001), and spent less time crying up to 2. min after the procedure (mean difference 38 vs. 77.9. s). Conclusion: A 2. mL oral dose of 25% glucose given immediately before an immunisation procedure reduces pain in 2-month old infants. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	International Journal of Nursing Studies	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.013	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Nursing	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Humans	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Glucose	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Immunization	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Administration, Oral	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Double-Blind Method	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Infant	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Jordan	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Pain Management	en_US
dc.title	A double-blind randomised controlled trial of 25% oral glucose for pain relief in 2-month old infants undergoing immunisation	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	3	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	49	en_US
utslib.for	1110 Nursing	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Business
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health/Midwifery
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHSP - Health Services and Practice
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Students
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	3	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	49	en_US

Abstract:

Background: Infant immunisation is the most commonly performed health procedure in developed countries. Associated pain may be harmful because we do not know what painful experiences the infant has already had and whether it might contribute to a cumulative pain experience. Healthy infants undergo immunisation with minimal pain relief. However, immunisation pain can be managed using oral sweet solutions. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of 25% oral glucose solution in reducing immunisation pain in 2-month old infants. Trial design and methods: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial conducted in Jordan. A total of 120 healthy full-term infants who met the eligibility criteria and were attending immunisation clinics for routine 2-month immunisation were randomised to receive either 2. mL of 25% oral glucose solution immediately prior to their immunisation or 2. mL of oral sterile water. Researchers, nurses and parents were blind to the solution. Primary outcome was behavioural pain measured using the Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (MBPS). Secondary outcomes were crying time and duration of full-lung cry. Crying was registered from onset of the immunisation injection and for up to 120. s after completion of the injection procedure. Results: Infants in the intervention group experienced statistically and clinically significant reduction in behavioural pain responses (p< 0.001), and spent less time crying up to 2. min after the procedure (mean difference 38 vs. 77.9. s). Conclusion: A 2. mL oral dose of 25% glucose given immediately before an immunisation procedure reduces pain in 2-month old infants. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/18442