Clinical, Genomic, and Immunological Characterization of RSV Surge in Sydney, Australia, 2022.

Walker, GJ; Foster, CSP; Sevendal, A; Domazetovska, A; Kamalakkannan, A; Williams, PCM; Kim, KW; Condylios, A; Stelzer-Braid, S; Bartlett, AW; Rawlinson, W

Clinical, Genomic, and Immunological Characterization of RSV Surge in Sydney, Australia, 2022.

Walker, GJ Foster, CSP Sevendal, A Domazetovska, A Kamalakkannan, A Williams, PCM Kim, KW Condylios, A Stelzer-Braid, S

Bartlett, AW Rawlinson, W

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Publisher:: American Academy of Pediatrics
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Pediatrics, 2024, 153, (2), pp. 1-10
Issue Date:: 2024-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Walker, GJ
dc.contributor.author	Foster, CSP
dc.contributor.author	Sevendal, A
dc.contributor.author	Domazetovska, A
dc.contributor.author	Kamalakkannan, A
dc.contributor.author	Williams, PCM
dc.contributor.author	Kim, KW
dc.contributor.author	Condylios, A
dc.contributor.author	Stelzer-Braid, S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6037-9305
dc.contributor.author	Bartlett, AW
dc.contributor.author	Rawlinson, W
dc.date.accessioned	2025-02-12T21:59:17Z
dc.date.available	2023-11-14
dc.date.available	2025-02-12T21:59:17Z
dc.date.issued	2024-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Pediatrics, 2024, 153, (2), pp. 1-10
dc.identifier.issn	0031-4005
dc.identifier.issn	1098-4275
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/185079
dc.description.abstract	OBJECTIVES: The 2022 seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic in Sydney, Australia saw an unprecedented number of RSV detections. We aimed to characterize genomic and immunologic factors associated with the surge in RSV cases. METHODS: Whole genome sequences of RSV were generated from 264 RSV-infected infants and linked to case-matched clinical data from the 2022 southern hemisphere RSV season. We then performed an immunologic analysis of baseline RSV-specific humoral immunity in women of childbearing age before and throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. RESULTS: Clinical analysis revealed a high burden of disease across patients of all health backgrounds. More than one-half of RSV-related health care visits by infants resulted in hospitalization, and one-quarter required high-flow respiratory support or a higher level of care. Viral phylogenetic analyses revealed that 2022 Sydney RSV sequences were closely related to viruses that had been circulating globally since 2017, including those detected in recent US outbreaks. Nonsynonymous mutations within the palivizumab and nirsevimab binding sites were detected at low frequencies. There was no difference in baseline RSV-neutralizing antibody titers between 2020 and 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings suggest that neither the emergence of a novel RSV genotype nor hypothesized immune debt was associated with the surge of RSV cases and hospitalizations in 2022. Continued genomic and immunologic surveillance is required to further understand the factors driving outbreaks of RSV globally, and to inform guidelines for the rollout and ongoing use of recently developed immunotherapeutics and vaccines.
dc.format	Print
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	American Academy of Pediatrics
dc.relation.ispartof	Pediatrics
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1542/peds.2023-063667
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	11 Medical and Health Sciences, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
dc.subject.classification	Pediatrics
dc.subject.classification	32 Biomedical and clinical sciences
dc.subject.classification	42 Health sciences
dc.subject.classification	52 Psychology
dc.subject.mesh	Antiviral Agents
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Genomics
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Infant
dc.subject.mesh	Palivizumab
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Infant
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Antiviral Agents
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Palivizumab
dc.subject.mesh	Genomics
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Antiviral Agents
dc.subject.mesh	Genomics
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Infant
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Palivizumab
dc.subject.mesh	Infant
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Antiviral Agents
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Palivizumab
dc.subject.mesh	Genomics
dc.title	Clinical, Genomic, and Immunological Characterization of RSV Surge in Sydney, Australia, 2022.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	153
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	11 Medical and Health Sciences
utslib.for	17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-02-12T21:59:15Z
pubs.issue	2
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	153
utslib.citation.issue	2

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES: The 2022 seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic in Sydney, Australia saw an unprecedented number of RSV detections. We aimed to characterize genomic and immunologic factors associated with the surge in RSV cases. METHODS: Whole genome sequences of RSV were generated from 264 RSV-infected infants and linked to case-matched clinical data from the 2022 southern hemisphere RSV season. We then performed an immunologic analysis of baseline RSV-specific humoral immunity in women of childbearing age before and throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. RESULTS: Clinical analysis revealed a high burden of disease across patients of all health backgrounds. More than one-half of RSV-related health care visits by infants resulted in hospitalization, and one-quarter required high-flow respiratory support or a higher level of care. Viral phylogenetic analyses revealed that 2022 Sydney RSV sequences were closely related to viruses that had been circulating globally since 2017, including those detected in recent US outbreaks. Nonsynonymous mutations within the palivizumab and nirsevimab binding sites were detected at low frequencies. There was no difference in baseline RSV-neutralizing antibody titers between 2020 and 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings suggest that neither the emergence of a novel RSV genotype nor hypothesized immune debt was associated with the surge of RSV cases and hospitalizations in 2022. Continued genomic and immunologic surveillance is required to further understand the factors driving outbreaks of RSV globally, and to inform guidelines for the rollout and ongoing use of recently developed immunotherapeutics and vaccines.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/185079