Occurrence, fate, and remediation for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge: A comprehensive review.

Zhou, T; Li, X; Liu, H; Dong, S; Zhang, Z; Wang, Z; Li, J; Nghiem, LD; Khan, SJ; Wang, Q

Occurrence, fate, and remediation for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge: A comprehensive review.

Zhou, T Li, X

Liu, H

Dong, S Zhang, Z Wang, Z

Li, J

Nghiem, LD Khan, SJ Wang, Q

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: J Hazard Mater, 2024, 466, pp. 133637
Issue Date:: 2024-03-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhou, T
dc.contributor.author	Li, X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-9556
dc.contributor.author	Liu, H https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-4988
dc.contributor.author	Dong, S
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, Z
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8227-2602
dc.contributor.author	Li, J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-3755
dc.contributor.author	Nghiem, LD
dc.contributor.author	Khan, SJ
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Q https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-2331
dc.date.accessioned	2025-02-27T22:56:36Z
dc.date.available	2024-01-25
dc.date.available	2025-02-27T22:56:36Z
dc.date.issued	2024-03-15
dc.identifier.citation	J Hazard Mater, 2024, 466, pp. 133637
dc.identifier.issn	0304-3894
dc.identifier.issn	1873-3336
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/185436
dc.description.abstract	Addressing per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination is an urgent environmental concern. While most research has focused on PFAS contamination in water matrices, comparatively little attention has been given to sludge, a significant by-product of wastewater treatment. This critical review presents the latest information on emission sources, global distribution, international regulations, analytical methods, and remediation technologies for PFAS in sludge and biosolids from wastewater treatment plants. PFAS concentrations in sludge matrices are typically in hundreds of ng/g dry weight (dw) in developed countries but are rarely reported in developing and least-developed countries due to the limited analytical capability. In comparison to water samples, efficient extraction and cleaning procedures are crucial for PFAS detection in sludge samples. While regulations on PFAS have mainly focused on soil due to biosolids reuse, only two countries have set limits on PFAS in sludge or biosolids with a maximum of 100 ng/g dw for major PFAS. Biological technologies using microbes and enzymes present in sludge are considered as having high potential for PFAS remediation, as they are eco-friendly, low-cost, and promising. By contrast, physical/chemical methods are either energy-intensive or linked to further challenges with PFAS contamination and disposal. The findings of this review deepen our comprehension of PFAS in sludge and have guided future research recommendations.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP200100933
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT200100264
dc.relation.ispartof	J Hazard Mater
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133637
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	03 Chemical Sciences, 05 Environmental Sciences, 09 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
dc.subject.classification	34 Chemical sciences
dc.subject.classification	40 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	41 Environmental sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Biosolids
dc.subject.mesh	Soil
dc.subject.mesh	Water
dc.subject.mesh	Fluorocarbons
dc.subject.mesh	Water Pollutants, Chemical
dc.subject.mesh	Water
dc.subject.mesh	Fluorocarbons
dc.subject.mesh	Soil
dc.subject.mesh	Water Pollutants, Chemical
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Biosolids
dc.subject.mesh	Sewage
dc.subject.mesh	Biosolids
dc.subject.mesh	Soil
dc.subject.mesh	Water
dc.subject.mesh	Fluorocarbons
dc.subject.mesh	Water Pollutants, Chemical
dc.title	Occurrence, fate, and remediation for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge: A comprehensive review.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	466
utslib.location.activity	Netherlands
utslib.for	03 Chemical Sciences
utslib.for	05 Environmental Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW)
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-02-27T22:56:34Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	466

Abstract:

Addressing per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination is an urgent environmental concern. While most research has focused on PFAS contamination in water matrices, comparatively little attention has been given to sludge, a significant by-product of wastewater treatment. This critical review presents the latest information on emission sources, global distribution, international regulations, analytical methods, and remediation technologies for PFAS in sludge and biosolids from wastewater treatment plants. PFAS concentrations in sludge matrices are typically in hundreds of ng/g dry weight (dw) in developed countries but are rarely reported in developing and least-developed countries due to the limited analytical capability. In comparison to water samples, efficient extraction and cleaning procedures are crucial for PFAS detection in sludge samples. While regulations on PFAS have mainly focused on soil due to biosolids reuse, only two countries have set limits on PFAS in sludge or biosolids with a maximum of 100 ng/g dw for major PFAS. Biological technologies using microbes and enzymes present in sludge are considered as having high potential for PFAS remediation, as they are eco-friendly, low-cost, and promising. By contrast, physical/chemical methods are either energy-intensive or linked to further challenges with PFAS contamination and disposal. The findings of this review deepen our comprehension of PFAS in sludge and have guided future research recommendations.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/185436