Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Ng, M Gakidou, E Lo, J Abate, YH Abbafati, C Abbas, N Abbasian, M Abd ElHafeez, S Abdel-Rahman, WM Abd-Elsalam, S Abdollahi, A Zhou, J Zare, I Osman, WMS Osman, AAM Osuagwu, UL Otoiu, A Oumer, A Ouyahia, A Shool, S Trabelsi, K Owolabi, MO Salaroli, LB Owusu, IA Al Hasan, SM Oyebola, K Zastrozhin, M P A, MP Padron-Monedero, A Padubidri, JR Panda, SK Shorofi, SA Panda-Jonas, S Saleh, MA Tran, MTN Pandey, A Pandi-Perumal, SR Pardhan, S Parekh, U Alhuwail, D Zeariya, MGM Parija, PP Parikh, RR Shrestha, R Salem, MR Park, E-C Pashaei, A Ancuceanu, R Passera, R Patel, HM Pathan, AR Patoulias, D Patton, GC Paudel, S Zhang, X Anwar, S Shuval, K Ali, R Pazoki Toroudi, H Pensato, U Tran, TH Peprah, P Pereira, G Pereira, M Perianayagam, A Perico, N T Y, SS Perna, S Si, Y Petcu, I-R Zhang, L Petermann-Rocha, FE Ali, A Tran Minh Duc, N Pham, HN Polibin, RV Popovic, DS Anyasodor, AE Pourghazi, F Pourshams, A Sibuyi, NRS Pradhan, J Pradhan, PMS Prasad, M Zhang, J Prashant, A Trico, D Prates, EJS Apostol, GLC Ali, W Putra, IGNE Puvvula, J Antony, CM Qattea, I Qiu, J-Y Radhakrishnan, V Radojčić, MR Raggi, C Zhang, Z Ullah, S Al-Worafi, YM Rahman, MA Rahman, FM Rahman, MHU Arab, JP Al Ta'ani, O Arabloo, J Arafat, M Silva, DAS Aravkin, AY Areda, D Arifin, H Salimi, S Arkew, M Abdulkader, RS Armocida, B Ali, MU Ärnlöv, J Ullah, S Arooj, M Artamonov, AA Silva, LMLR Artanti, KD Arumugam, A Samodra, YL Asghari-Jafarabadi, M Ashraf, T Rahman, M Asiamah-Asare, BKY Asrat, AA Abdullahi, A Astell-Burt, T Umair, M Athari, SS Singh, S Atorkey, P Samuel, VP Atreya, A Rahmani, S Aumoldaeva, ZM Awad, H Awoke, MA Awotidebe, AW Aychiluhm, SB Azargoonjahromi, A Abedi, A Umar, UM Singh, JA Samy, AM Rahmanian, V Azimi, A Aziz, SA Aziz, S Azzam, AY Azzolino, D Azzopardi, PS Babashahi, M Babu, GR Badiye, AD Bagheri, N Rahmawaty, S Santhekadur, PK Singh, A Umar, L Abeywickrama, HM Bahurupi, Y Bai, R Baig, AA Bakkannavar, SM Balakrishnan, S Baltatu, OC Rai, RK Bam, K Santric-Milicevic, MM Banach, M Singh, H Banik, R Unim, B Bardhan, M Abie, A Barqawi, HJ Barquera, S Raimondo, I Barua, L Basharat, Z Saqib, MAN Bashir, S Bastan, M-M Singh, B Basu, S Bayat, R Upadhya, D Bayih, MT Trihandini, I Beeraka, NM Aboagye, RG Begum, T Zhu, B Bello, UM Bello, AB Belo, L Al Ta'ani, Z Bensenor, IM Bergami, M Zhang, CJP Berhe, K Upadhyay, E Berihun, AA Bhadoria, AS Alqahtani, SA Bhagavathula, AS Abohashem, S Bhala, N Bhalla, JS Singh, K Raj, JP Bharadwaj, R Bhardwaj, P Bhardwaj, N Bhaskar, S Usman, JS Saraswati, U Bhat, AN Bhattacharjee, P Bhattacharjee, S Bhatti, JS Siddig, EE Abtahi, D Singh, P Bhatti, GK Bikov, A Bilgin, C Bisignano, C Tye, SC Biswas, B Ustunsoz, D Bizzozero Peroni, B Rajput, P Bjertness, E Bjørge, T Bolla, SR Murray, CJL Borhany, H Abualruz, H Bosoka, SA Saravanan, A Bouaoud, S Boyko, EJ Ramadan, MM Braithwaite, D Aly, H Brazo-Sayavera, J Brenner, H Britton, G Skryabin, VY Bryazka, D Bugiardini, R Sari, DW Bui, LP Ramasamy, C Abubakar, B Busch, F Bustanji, Y Butt, NS Vaithinathan, AG Butt, ZA Calina, D Skryabina, AA Campos, LA Sarkar, T Alif, SM Campos-Nonato, I Cao, S Cao, Y Capodici, A Abu Farha, RK Carvalho, AF Carvalho, M Van den Eynde, J Catapano, AL Smith, AE Ramasamy, SK Sarmadi, M Cattafesta, M Cattaruzza, MS Cegolon, L Cembranel, F Cenko, E Cerin, E Cernigliaro, A Abukhadijah, HJ Chadwick, J Ramazanu, S Varghese, J Sarode, SC Smith, G Chakraborty, C Chan, RNC Chang, J-C Chattu, VK Chaudhary, AA Chaurasia, A Chen, G Rana, K Chen, A-T Chen, H Sarode, GS Abu-Rmeileh, NME Soliman, SSM Vasankari, TJ Cheng, ETW Chew, NWS Chi, G Chimoriya, R Ranabhat, CL Ching, PR Choi, D-W Chong, B Sassano, M Chopra, H Chopra, S Soraneh, S Chou, HI Vaziri, S Aburuz, S Truyen, TTTT Choudhari, SG Chu, D-T Chung, S Chung, S-C Sathian, B Chutiyami, M Cini, KI Cioffi, I Sorensen, RJD Cogen, RM Rao, M Collado-Mateo, D Vellingiri, B Columbus, A Abu-Zaid, A Conrad, N Zhumagaliuly, A Criqui, MH Cruz-Martins, N Cummins, S D'Amico, E Siddiqi, AK Spartalis, M D'Anna, L D'Oria, M Dadras, O Venketasubramanian, N Dai, X Saya, GK Dalakoti, M Adams, LC Dandona, R Zheng, DX Dandona, L Danpanichkul, P Altaany, Z Darcho, SD Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R da Silva, AG Davletov, K Tyrovolas, S Verma, M Delgado-Enciso, I Rao, SJ Denova-Gutiérrez, E Derbew Molla, M Adane, MM Dergaa, I Srichawla, BS Desale, AT Devanbu, VGC Devegowda, D Al-Raddadi, RMM Dewan, SMR Rashedi, S Dhali, A Verma, A Dharmaratne, SD Dhimal, M Dhungel, B Diaz, D Sawyer, SM Addo, IY Dinu, M Schinckus, C Rashidi, M-M Dodangeh, M Dohare, S Dokova, KG Dolatkhah, N Verras, G-I do Prado, CB Dorostkar, F Doshi, OP Stachteas, P Doshi, RP Rasouli-Saravani, A Schmidt, MI Dowou, RK Adedokun, KA Dsouza, VS Du, M Dumith, SC Dumuid, D Alzahrani, H Duncan, BB Dutta, S Rathish, D Starodubova, AV Schuermans, A Dziedzic, AM Ebrahimi, A Eftekhari, B Eighaei Sedeh, A Adegoke, NA Ekholuenetale, M Eladl, MA El Arab, RA Al-Jabi, SW Vidale, S El-Ashker, S Schutte, AE Straif, K Elbarazi, I El Bayoumy, IF Elgendy, IY Elhadi, M El-Huneidi, W El-Metwally, AA Rauniyar, SK Adepoju, AVV Elmonem, MA Elnaem, MH Sebastian, SA Villalobos-Daniel, VE Stubbs, P Elsheikh, R Elsohaby, I Eltaha, C Emeto, TI Rautalin, I Eslami, M Eze, UA Fadavian, H Fagbamigbe, AF Selvaraj, S Adesola, RO Fakhradiyev, IR Subramaniyan, V Vinayak, M Faraji, SN Tsatsakis, A Farinha, CSES Faris, MEM Farooque, U Farrokhpour, H Fasusi, SA Semreen, MH Fazeli, P Fazylov, T Feizkhah, A Suleiman Odidi, MO Sikdar, M Adeyeoluwa, TE Vlassov, V Fekadu, G Feng, X Fernandes, JC Fernandez-Jimenez, R Sendekie, AK Ferreira, N Feyisa, BR Fischer, F Rawaf, DL Flood, D Sulkowski, A Foigt, NA Folayan, MO Vos, T Adiga, U Fomenkov, AA Zielińska, M Foroumadi, R Fortuna Rodrigues, C Rawaf, S Foschi, M Fotouhi, M Francis, KL Sultan Meo, A Franklin, RC Gába, A Gadanya, MA Vukovic, R Udoakang, AJ Gaidhane, AM Amu, H Adnani, QES Galali, Y Gallus, S Ganesan, B Gangachannaiah, S Sun, J Gastélum Espinoza, WP Gebregergis, MW Gebremeskel, TG Sengupta, P Redwan, EMMM Getacher, L Wahidin, M Ghadirian, F Ghaffari Jolfayi, A Afaghi, S Ghamari, S-H Ghazy, RM Altaf, A Gil, AU Gill, TK Rege, S Senol, YC Gnedovskaya, EV Golechha, M Golinelli, D Wahiduzzaman, M Grivna, M Grover, A Guan, Z Afzal, S Vollset, SE Reis-Mendes, A Guan, S-Y Alrawashdeh, A Guarducci, G Gubari, MIM Guha, A Gunawardane, DA Guo, Z Wang, Y Gupta, R Gupta, AK Remuzzi, G Gupta, R Sun, Z Senthilkumaran, S Gupta, S Afzal, MS Gupta, VK Gutiérrez-Murillo, RS Guzman-Esquivel, J Hadi, NR Hadian, Z Rezaei, N Wang, S Hamdy, NM Hameed, S Sepanlou, SG Sunny, S Hamidi, S Hamiduzzaman, M Hanif, A Agampodi, TC Hanifi, N Rezaeian, M Hankey, GJ Haq, A Harlianto, NI Alzoubi, A Sethi, Y Haro, JM Swain, CK Hartono, RK Hasan, F Hashempur, MH Aljunid, SM Hasnain, MS Hassan, A Aghamiri, S Hassan, N Hassanipour, S Seylani, A Hassanzade Rad, A Wang, C Szarpak, L Havmoeller, RJ Anuoluwa, IA Hay, SI He, W-Q Hebert, JJ Heidari, G Hemmati, M Hiraike, Y Shafie, M Agostinis Sobrinho, C Hoan, NQ Hoang, M Tse, G Tabarés-Seisdedos, R Wang, X Holla, R Hoogar, P Hopkins, AM Hossain, A Hosseinzadeh, H Shah, S Hostiuc, S Hostiuc, M Rezazadeh, H Htay, ZW Agyemang-Duah, W Tabatabaei, SM Hu, C Wanjau, MN Huang, J Hundie, TG Husseiny, MI Shah, SM Huynh, H-H Rhee, TG Iavicoli, I Ibrayeva, A Ilesanmi, OS Ilic, IM Tabatabaei, FS Ilic, MD Ahlstrom, AJ Waqar, AB Imam, MT Anjana, RM Rocha-Gomes, JR Inbaraj, LR Inok, A Irham, LM Islam, MR Islam, SMS Islam, RM Tabatabaei Malazy, O Ismail, NE Iso, H Isola, G Zheng, P Zoghi, G Waqas, M Ahmad, D Ituka, MC Iwagami, M Iwu-Jaja, CJ Iyasu, AN J, V Tabatabai, S Jacob, L Rodrigues, M Jaffar, S Shahid, S Jahrami, H Jain, A Weerakoon, KG Jairoun, AA Ahmad, S Jakovljevic, M Jalloh, ML Javaid, SS Rodrigues da Silva, TP Tabche, C Jayapal, SK Shahrahmani, F Jayarajah, U Jayaram, S Jebai, R Jebasingh, FK Wei, F-L Jema, AT Jokar, M Rodriguez, JAB Ahmad, A Jonas, JB Amusa, GA Shahwan, MJ Jose, J Joseph, N Joshua, CE Jozwiak, JJ Jürisson, M Kaambwa, B Roever, L Wicaksana, AL Kabir, A Kabir, Z Kakkar, AK Alrimawi, I Al Thaher, Y Ahmad, MM Kalra, S Kamarajah, SK Kanaan, SF Rohloff, P Kankam, SB Kanmodi, KK Kapoor, N Wickramasinghe, DP Karajizadeh, M Sham, S Karakasis, P Tabish, M Karasneh, RA Karimi, Y Zyoud, SH Ahmad, F Karimi Behnagh, A Kassebaum, NJ Kauppila, JH Kayode, GA Kehagias, D Shamim, MA Willeit, P Kerr, JA Taiba, J Romadlon, DS Keshwani, A Kesse-Guyot, E Keykhaei, M Khaing, IK Ahmad, N Khajuria, H Khalili, P Shams-Beyranvand, M Khalilian, A Khalis, M Tsegay, GM Alzoubi, KH Talic, S Khan, MJ Khan, M Khan, N Khan, MAS Khan, A Khan, MAB Shamsi, A Ahmed, H Rony, MKK Khanmohammadi, S Khatab, K Khatatbeh, MM Tampa, M Wojewodzic, MW Khayamzadeh, M Khidri, FF Khorashadizadeh, F Khosla, AA Shamsutdinova, A Alkhatib, A Khosravi, S Khosrowjerdi, M Khubchandani, J Ahmed, MB Khusun, H Tamuzi, JL Kim, J Wonde, TE Kim, K Kim, MS Roshandel, G Aly, S Kim, YJ Kimokoti, RW Kisa, A Kishore, L Kivimäki, M Kokkorakis, M Tan, K-K Ahmed, A Kolahi, A-A Rout, HS Wongsin, U Shan, D Kompani, F Korzh, O Kostev, K Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL Kretchy, IA Krishan, K Kua, C-H Tanwar, M Zhong, A Kuate Defo, B Kulimbet, M Zou, Z Ahmed, MS Xia, Q Kulkarni, V Kumar, A Kumar, V Kumar, GA Kundu, S Roy, N Kunutsor, SK Tariq, S Kurmi, OP Shanawaz, M Kurniasari, MD Kusuma, D Kytö, V Xie, W Ahmed, MS Lacey, B Rwegerera, GM Lahariya, C Lai, DTC Lai, H Tat, NY Shannawaz, M Landires, I Larijani, B Latief, K La Vecchia, C Le, NHH Saad, AMA Xu, S Lee, M Ahmed, SA Lee, S-W Lee, W-C Sharath, M Abdoun, M Lee, SW Lee, PH Li, M-C Anuoluwa, BS Li, Y Li, W Lim, SS Xu, X Lin, Q Lin, J Sharfaei, S Ajami, M Tavangar, SM Lindholm, D Saber-Ayad, MM Lindstedt, PA Liu, S Llanaj, E López-Gil, JF Lorkowski, S Lucchetti, G Yamagishi, K Alrousan, SM Lugo, A Lutambi, AM Sabet, CJ Alvis-Guzman, N Lv, L Akhtar, S Lytvyak, E Ma, ZF Machoy, M Magaña Gómez, JA Maghbouli, N Sharifan, A Mahalleh, M Tumurkhuu, M Yano, Y Mahmood, NH Temsah, RMH Mahmoudi, E Maiti, R Makris, KCC Akkaif, MA Malhotra, K Malik, AA Sharma, A Sadarangani, KP Malik, I Malta, DC Mamun, AA Yao, H Temsah, M-H Mansourian, M Manu, E Marateb, HR Marino, M Marjani, A Saddik, BA Sharma, U Akrami, AE Martinez-Piedra, R Martini, S Martorell, M Marzouk, S Teramoto, M Al-Zubayer, MA Masi, S Masrouri, S Sadeghi, M Mathangasinghe, Y Ansari, S Mathur, MR Matozinhos, FP Matthias, T Alalwan, TA Mattiello, R Mazidi, M Terefa, DR McPhail, SM Al-Marwani, S Yarahmadi, A Mechili, EA Sharma, M Mehboob, R Mehmood, A Mehndiratta, MM Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K Mekene Meto, T Meles, HN Al-Aly, Z Saeb, MR Tewari, J Mendoza, W Menezes, RG Sharma, V Yaribeygi, H Mengistie, EA Meo, SA Mestrovic, T Mettananda, S Mettananda, CDK Zhong, CC Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, AC Miller, TR Thapar, R Mini, GK Zweck, E Alam, K Mirrakhimov, EM Yesuf, SA Misganaw, A Mittal, M Saeed, U Mohamed, AI Mohamed, MG Mohamed, NS Mohamed, J Ticoalu, JHV Sheida, F Mohammad, T Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S Mohammadzadeh, I Al-amer, RM Anvari, S Yin, D Mohammed, S Mohammed, M Mokdad, AH Mondello, S Moni, MA Sheikhy, A Tiruneh, SA Moradi, M Morrison, SD Saeedi Moghaddam, S Mossialos, E Motappa, R Mulita, F Yon, DK Alansari, A Mullany, EC Munkhsaikhan, Y Shenoy, RR Murillo-Zamora, E Ananda, RA Safi, SZ Musa, S Mustafa, G Muthu, S Myung, W Naghavi, P Naghavi, M Yonemoto, N Naik, GR Shetty, PH Al-Ashwal, FY Saghazadeh, A Naik, H Tiruye, TY Nambi, G Nangia, V Nansseu, JR Nascimento, GG Nassar, M Natto, ZS Nauman, J Shibuya, K Andrei, CL Yu, C Naureen, Z Navaratna, SNK Titova, MV Albashtawy, M Nayak, BP Nayon, MFS Nazri-Panjaki, A Negahdary, M Negoi, RI Sagoe, D Alshahrani, NZ Negoi, I Nejadghaderi, SA Yuan, C-W Nematollahi, S Al-Wardat, M Nepal, S Netsere, HB Aldhaleei, WA Ngunjiri, JW Sahebkar, A Nguyen, CT Shiferaw, D Nguyen, D Nguyen, T Nguyen, DH Nguyen, PT Yuce, D Tiwari, K Niazi, RK Nieddu, L Saheb Sharif-Askari, F Niknam, M Nikoobar, A Ansari, MT Alemayehu, BA Nkeck, JR Nomura, S Noor, STA Noreen, M Noroozi, M Tomo, S Sahoo, SS Yunusa, I Nawsherwan, Noubiap, JJ Shin, M-J Nouri, M Nri-Ezedi, CA Nugen, F Algammal, AM Nurrika, D Nzoputam, OJ Sajid, MR O'Connell, EM Tonelli, M Oancea, B Amiri, S Shiri, R Oguta, JO Oh, I-H Okati-Aliabad, H Okekunle, AP Okonji, OC Alomari, MA Olagunju, AT Alhabib, KF Olalusi, OV Touvier, M Olanrewaju, TO Shittu, A Olasupo, OO Zaman, SB Oliveira, GMM Oliveira, AB Abdulah, DM Oluwafemi, YD Omar, HA Omar Bali, A Opitz, M Ordak, M Tovani-Palone, MR Amugsi, DA Al Hamad, H Ortiz, A Osborne, A