Shrinkage and carbonation of alkali-activated calcined clay-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete

Gomes, SDC; Nguyen, QD; Li, W; Castel, A

Shrinkage and carbonation of alkali-activated calcined clay-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete

Gomes, SDC Nguyen, QD Li, W Castel, A

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Publisher:: Elsevier
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Cement and Concrete Research, 2025, 194, pp. 107899
Issue Date:: 2025-08-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Gomes, SDC
dc.contributor.author	Nguyen, QD
dc.contributor.author	Li, W
dc.contributor.author	Castel, A
dc.date.accessioned	2025-04-28T00:13:35Z
dc.date.available	2025-04-28T00:13:35Z
dc.date.issued	2025-08-01
dc.identifier.citation	Cement and Concrete Research, 2025, 194, pp. 107899
dc.identifier.issn	0008-8846
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/187073
dc.description.abstract	This research investigates the influence of alkaline concentration and calcium content on the shrinkage mechanisms, carbonation resistance and reinforcement corrosion of alkali-activated concrete system composed of calcined clay and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). An increase in Na2O% led to an improvement in the mechanical performance, pore structure refinement, reducing both accelerated and natural carbonation. However, the increase in alkaline concentration generated a greater shrinkage for mixtures with a higher proportion of GGBFS; the opposite was observed for mixtures with calcined clay as the dominant precursor. The results of 1-year of total shrinkage shows that the concrete containing high calcined clay and Na2O contents demonstrated the best performance. Importantly, there was no evidence of reinforcement corrosion observed after the carbonation front had reached the steel-concrete interface following 2 % CO2 accelerated carbonation exposure. This was attributed to the high pH values measured in the carbonated region of the alkali-activated concrete.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	Cement and Concrete Research
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107899
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0904 Chemical Engineering, 0905 Civil Engineering, 1202 Building
dc.subject.classification	Building & Construction
dc.subject.classification	3302 Building
dc.subject.classification	4005 Civil engineering
dc.subject.classification	4016 Materials engineering
dc.title	Shrinkage and carbonation of alkali-activated calcined clay-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	194
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering
utslib.for	0905 Civil Engineering
utslib.for	1202 Building
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-04-28T00:13:33Z
pubs.publication-status	Accepted
pubs.volume	194

Abstract:

This research investigates the influence of alkaline concentration and calcium content on the shrinkage mechanisms, carbonation resistance and reinforcement corrosion of alkali-activated concrete system composed of calcined clay and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). An increase in Na2O% led to an improvement in the mechanical performance, pore structure refinement, reducing both accelerated and natural carbonation. However, the increase in alkaline concentration generated a greater shrinkage for mixtures with a higher proportion of GGBFS; the opposite was observed for mixtures with calcined clay as the dominant precursor. The results of 1-year of total shrinkage shows that the concrete containing high calcined clay and Na2O contents demonstrated the best performance. Importantly, there was no evidence of reinforcement corrosion observed after the carbonation front had reached the steel-concrete interface following 2 % CO2 accelerated carbonation exposure. This was attributed to the high pH values measured in the carbonated region of the alkali-activated concrete.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/187073