Constitutive Behaviour of Recycled Rubber-Involved Mixtures for Transportation Infrastructure

Qi, Y; Wijesooriya, K; Indraratna, B; Riyad, ASM

Constitutive Behaviour of Recycled Rubber-Involved Mixtures for Transportation Infrastructure

Qi, Y

Wijesooriya, K Indraratna, B

Riyad, ASM

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Publisher:: MDPI
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Sustainability (Switzerland), 2025, 17, (9)
Issue Date:: 2025-05-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Qi, Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-2130
dc.contributor.author	Wijesooriya, K
dc.contributor.author	Indraratna, B https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9057-1514
dc.contributor.author	Riyad, ASM
dc.date.accessioned	2025-05-26T23:47:43Z
dc.date.available	2025-05-26T23:47:43Z
dc.date.issued	2025-05-01
dc.identifier.citation	Sustainability (Switzerland), 2025, 17, (9)
dc.identifier.issn	2071-1050
dc.identifier.issn	2071-1050
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/187520
dc.description.abstract	The scarcity of natural aggregates and the growing accumulation of waste materials have driven the demand for sustainable and circular economy solutions in transportation infrastructure, and this has led to the utilization of waste materials in transport infrastructure, such as recycled rubber. Although numerous laboratory experiments have been conducted on granular mixtures mixed with rubber, predicting the complex stress–strain behaviour of these mixtures mathematically and capturing the influence of rubber on the geotechnical properties of waste mixtures are imperative. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the constitutive models developed to predict the stress–strain behaviour, dilatancy, and shear strength of rubber-mixed waste materials, including sand–rubber, coal wash–steel furnace slag–rubber crumbs, and coal wash–rubber crumbs in various transport infrastructure applications under static loading. This paper also highlights the innovations and limitations of these existing constitutive models on rubber-mixed materials. It was found that existing constitutive models based on hyperbolic, hypoplastic, critical state, and bounding surface plasticity approaches can capture the behaviour of these materials under static loading conditions. However, further developments are required to incorporate the influence of the type and size of the rubber, particle breakage, and damping properties and also account for train-induced cyclic loading in models developed for railway substructures. This paper contributes to advancing future research aimed at deepening the fundamental understanding of rubber-mixed materials used in transportation infrastructure.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	MDPI
dc.relation.ispartof	Sustainability (Switzerland)
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/su17093956
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	12 Built Environment and Design
dc.title	Constitutive Behaviour of Recycled Rubber-Involved Mixtures for Transportation Infrastructure
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	17
utslib.for	12 Built Environment and Design
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Transport Research Centre (TRC)
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-05-26T23:45:02Z
pubs.issue	9
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	17
utslib.citation.issue	9

Abstract:

The scarcity of natural aggregates and the growing accumulation of waste materials have driven the demand for sustainable and circular economy solutions in transportation infrastructure, and this has led to the utilization of waste materials in transport infrastructure, such as recycled rubber. Although numerous laboratory experiments have been conducted on granular mixtures mixed with rubber, predicting the complex stress–strain behaviour of these mixtures mathematically and capturing the influence of rubber on the geotechnical properties of waste mixtures are imperative. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the constitutive models developed to predict the stress–strain behaviour, dilatancy, and shear strength of rubber-mixed waste materials, including sand–rubber, coal wash–steel furnace slag–rubber crumbs, and coal wash–rubber crumbs in various transport infrastructure applications under static loading. This paper also highlights the innovations and limitations of these existing constitutive models on rubber-mixed materials. It was found that existing constitutive models based on hyperbolic, hypoplastic, critical state, and bounding surface plasticity approaches can capture the behaviour of these materials under static loading conditions. However, further developments are required to incorporate the influence of the type and size of the rubber, particle breakage, and damping properties and also account for train-induced cyclic loading in models developed for railway substructures. This paper contributes to advancing future research aimed at deepening the fundamental understanding of rubber-mixed materials used in transportation infrastructure.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/187520