Multi-criteria analysis towards the new end use of recycled water for household laundry: A case study in Sydney

Chen, Z; Ngo, HH; Guo, WS; Listowski, A; O'Halloran, K; Thompson, M; Muthukaruppan, M

Multi-criteria analysis towards the new end use of recycled water for household laundry: A case study in Sydney

Chen, Z Ngo, HH

Guo, WS

Listowski, A O'Halloran, K Thompson, M Muthukaruppan, M

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 438 pp. 59 - 65
Issue Date:: 2012-11-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Chen, Z	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Ngo, HH https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-2866	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Guo, WS https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-2858	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Listowski, A	en_US
dc.contributor.author	O'Halloran, K	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Thompson, M	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Muthukaruppan, M	en_US
dc.date.available	2012-08-04	en_US
dc.date.issued	2012-11-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 438 pp. 59 - 65	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0048-9697	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/23019
dc.description.abstract	This paper aims to put forward several management alternatives regarding the application of recycled water for household laundry in Sydney. Based on different recycled water treatment techniques such as microfiltration (MF), granular activated carbon (GAC) or reverse osmosis (RO), and types of washing machines (WMs), five alternatives were proposed as follows: (1) do nothing scenario; (2) MF. +. existing WMs; (3) MF. +. new WMs; (4) MF-GAC. +. existing WMs; and (5) MF-RO. +. existing WMs. Accordingly, a comprehensive quantitative assessment on the trade-off among a variety of issues (e.g., engineering feasibility, initial cost, energy consumption, supply flexibility and water savings) was performed over the alternatives. This was achieved by a computer-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using the rank order weight generation together with preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) outranking techniques. Particularly, the generated 10,000 combinations of weights via Monte Carlo simulation were able to significantly reduce the man-made errors of single fixed set of weights because of its objectivity and high efficiency. To illustrate the methodology, a case study on Rouse Hill Development Area (RHDA), Sydney, Australia was carried out afterwards. The study was concluded by highlighting the feasibility of using highly treated recycled water for existing and new washing machines. This could provide a powerful guidance for sustainable water reuse management in the long term. However, more detailed field trials and investigations are still needed to effectively understand, predict and manage the impact of selected recycled water for new end use alternatives. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Science of the Total Environment	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.019	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Charcoal	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Filtration	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Monte Carlo Method	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Conservation of Natural Resources	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Fresh Water	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Waste Disposal, Fluid	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Water Purification	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Osmosis	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Models, Theoretical	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Laundering	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Computer Simulation	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	New South Wales	en_US
dc.title	Multi-criteria analysis towards the new end use of recycled water for household laundry: A case study in Sydney	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	438	en_US
utslib.for	0905 Civil Engineering	en_US
dc.location.activity	Melbourne, Australia
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	438	en_US

Abstract:

This paper aims to put forward several management alternatives regarding the application of recycled water for household laundry in Sydney. Based on different recycled water treatment techniques such as microfiltration (MF), granular activated carbon (GAC) or reverse osmosis (RO), and types of washing machines (WMs), five alternatives were proposed as follows: (1) do nothing scenario; (2) MF. +. existing WMs; (3) MF. +. new WMs; (4) MF-GAC. +. existing WMs; and (5) MF-RO. +. existing WMs. Accordingly, a comprehensive quantitative assessment on the trade-off among a variety of issues (e.g., engineering feasibility, initial cost, energy consumption, supply flexibility and water savings) was performed over the alternatives. This was achieved by a computer-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using the rank order weight generation together with preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) outranking techniques. Particularly, the generated 10,000 combinations of weights via Monte Carlo simulation were able to significantly reduce the man-made errors of single fixed set of weights because of its objectivity and high efficiency. To illustrate the methodology, a case study on Rouse Hill Development Area (RHDA), Sydney, Australia was carried out afterwards. The study was concluded by highlighting the feasibility of using highly treated recycled water for existing and new washing machines. This could provide a powerful guidance for sustainable water reuse management in the long term. However, more detailed field trials and investigations are still needed to effectively understand, predict and manage the impact of selected recycled water for new end use alternatives. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/23019