Maximum allowable values of the heavy metals in recycled water for household laundry

Mainali, B; Pham, TTN; Ngo, HH; Guo, W

Maximum allowable values of the heavy metals in recycled water for household laundry

Mainali, B Pham, TTN Ngo, HH

Guo, W

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 452-453 pp. 427 - 432
Issue Date:: 2013-05-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Mainali, B	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Pham, TTN	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Ngo, HH https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-2866	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Guo, W https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-2858	en_US
dc.date.available	2013-03-02	en_US
dc.date.issued	2013-05-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 452-453 pp. 427 - 432	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0048-9697	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/26335
dc.description.abstract	Household laundry as a new end use of recycled water in dual reticulation systems has a great potential as the significant amount of potable water from urban households can be saved. However, there is still no sufficient evidence and supporting recycled water quality guidelines for this particular use. A key gap in knowledge is the impact of heavy metals in recycled water on clothes and washing machines. Thus, this study aims to determine the maximum allowable values (MAVs) of the heavy metals iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in recycled water for washing clothes in washing machines. Six different concentrations of each targeted metals were prepared in tap water for the washing machine experiments. The tearing/tensile strength tests were used for the assessment of cloth durability. MINITAB 16 as a statistical tool was used and ANOVA one way test was applied for the significance analysis (Turkey's test p. <. 0.05). The results show that the MAVs of the heavy metals Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn were found to be 1. mg/l, 1. mg/l, 10. mg/l, 5. mg/l and 1. mg/l respectively in terms of cloth durability. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	en_US
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP100100494
dc.relation.ispartof	Science of the Total Environment	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.012	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Metals, Heavy	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Water Pollutants, Chemical	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Family Characteristics	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Tensile Strength	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Laundering	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Clothing	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Recycling	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Water Quality	en_US
dc.title	Maximum allowable values of the heavy metals in recycled water for household laundry	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	452-453	en_US
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	0907 Environmental Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	452-453	en_US

Abstract:

Household laundry as a new end use of recycled water in dual reticulation systems has a great potential as the significant amount of potable water from urban households can be saved. However, there is still no sufficient evidence and supporting recycled water quality guidelines for this particular use. A key gap in knowledge is the impact of heavy metals in recycled water on clothes and washing machines. Thus, this study aims to determine the maximum allowable values (MAVs) of the heavy metals iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in recycled water for washing clothes in washing machines. Six different concentrations of each targeted metals were prepared in tap water for the washing machine experiments. The tearing/tensile strength tests were used for the assessment of cloth durability. MINITAB 16 as a statistical tool was used and ANOVA one way test was applied for the significance analysis (Turkey's test p. <. 0.05). The results show that the MAVs of the heavy metals Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn were found to be 1. mg/l, 1. mg/l, 10. mg/l, 5. mg/l and 1. mg/l respectively in terms of cloth durability. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/26335