Vernalization-induced flowering in cereals is associated with changes in histone methylation at the VERNALIZATION 1 gene

Oliver, SN; Finnegan, EJ; Dennis, ES; Peacock, WJ; Trevaskis, B

Vernalization-induced flowering in cereals is associated with changes in histone methylation at the VERNALIZATION 1 gene

Oliver, SN Finnegan, EJ Dennis, ES

Peacock, WJ

Trevaskis, B

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106 (20), pp. 8386 - 8391
Issue Date:: 2009-05-19

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Oliver, SN	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Finnegan, EJ	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Dennis, ES https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-591X	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Peacock, WJ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-9074	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Trevaskis, B	en_US
dc.date.issued	2009-05-19	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106 (20), pp. 8386 - 8391	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0027-8424	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/29292
dc.description.abstract	Prolonged exposure to low temperatures (vernalization) accelerates the transition to reproductive growth in many plant species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the economically important cereal crops, wheat and barley. Vernalizationinduced flowering is an epigenetic phenomenon. In Arabidopsis, stable down-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) by vernalization is associated with changes in histone modifications at FLC chromatin. In cereals, the vernalization response is mediated by stable induction of the floral promoter VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), which initiates reproductive development at the shoot apex. We show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), repression of HvVRN1 before vernalization is associated with high levels of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at HvVRN1 chromatin. Vernalization caused increased levels of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and a loss of H3K27me3 at HvVRN1, suggesting that vernalization promotes an active chromatin state at VRN1. Levels of these histone modifications at 2 other floweringtime genes, VERNALIZATION2 and FLOWERING LOCUS T, were not altered by vernalization. Our study suggests that maintenance of an active chromatin state at VRN1 is likely to be the basis for epigenetic memory of vernalization in cereals. Thus, regulation of chromatin state is a feature of epigenetic memory of vernalization in Arabidopsis and the cereals; however, whereas vernalizationinduced flowering in Arabidopsis is mediated by epigenetic regulation of the floral repressor FLC, this phenomenon in cereals is mediated by epigenetic regulation of the floral activator, VRN1.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1073/pnas.0903566106	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Flowers	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Cereals	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	DNA-Binding Proteins	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Histones	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Arabidopsis Proteins	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Repressor Proteins	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Epigenesis, Genetic	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Gene Expression Regulation, Plant	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Methylation	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Plant Physiological Phenomena	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Edible Grain	en_US
dc.title	Vernalization-induced flowering in cereals is associated with changes in histone methylation at the VERNALIZATION 1 gene	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	20	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	106	en_US
utslib.for	0607 Plant Biology	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	20	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	106	en_US

Abstract:

Prolonged exposure to low temperatures (vernalization) accelerates the transition to reproductive growth in many plant species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the economically important cereal crops, wheat and barley. Vernalizationinduced flowering is an epigenetic phenomenon. In Arabidopsis, stable down-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) by vernalization is associated with changes in histone modifications at FLC chromatin. In cereals, the vernalization response is mediated by stable induction of the floral promoter VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), which initiates reproductive development at the shoot apex. We show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), repression of HvVRN1 before vernalization is associated with high levels of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at HvVRN1 chromatin. Vernalization caused increased levels of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and a loss of H3K27me3 at HvVRN1, suggesting that vernalization promotes an active chromatin state at VRN1. Levels of these histone modifications at 2 other floweringtime genes, VERNALIZATION2 and FLOWERING LOCUS T, were not altered by vernalization. Our study suggests that maintenance of an active chromatin state at VRN1 is likely to be the basis for epigenetic memory of vernalization in cereals. Thus, regulation of chromatin state is a feature of epigenetic memory of vernalization in Arabidopsis and the cereals; however, whereas vernalizationinduced flowering in Arabidopsis is mediated by epigenetic regulation of the floral repressor FLC, this phenomenon in cereals is mediated by epigenetic regulation of the floral activator, VRN1.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/29292