Coagulation and sludge recovery using titanium tetrachloride as coagulant for real water treatment: A comparison against traditional aluminum and iron salts

Zhao, YX; Gao, BY; Zhang, GZ; Qi, QB; Wang, Y; Phuntsho, S; Kim, JH; Shon, HK; Yue, QY; Li, Q

Coagulation and sludge recovery using titanium tetrachloride as coagulant for real water treatment: A comparison against traditional aluminum and iron salts

Zhao, YX Gao, BY Zhang, GZ Qi, QB Wang, Y Phuntsho, S

Kim, JH Shon, HK

Yue, QY Li, Q

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Separation and Purification Technology, 2014, 130 pp. 19 - 27
Issue Date:: 2014-06-10

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhao, YX	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Gao, BY	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, GZ	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Qi, QB	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Y	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Phuntsho, S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-3916	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Kim, JH	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Shon, HK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-7169	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Yue, QY	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Li, Q	en_US
dc.date.available	2020-05-25T19:25:15Z
dc.date.issued	2014-06-10	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Separation and Purification Technology, 2014, 130 pp. 19 - 27	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	1383-5866	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/33933
dc.description.abstract	Coagulation/flocculation performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and aluminum sulfate (Al 2(SO4)3) was comparatively investigated for real water treatment. Comparisons were made under different coagulant dose and initial solution pH conditions and their performances measured in terms of UV254 (absorbance at 254 nm) and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) removal and residual turbidity. Characteristics of aggregated flocs during the coagulation/flocculation process by the three coagulants were studied using a laser diffraction particle sizing device. The performances of the three coagulants were also assessed in terms of the membrane fouling potential of the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane or during coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process using a stirred and dead-end batch UF unit. Additionally, the TiCl 4 flocculated sludge was recovered to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) under thermal treatment. The results indicate that the TiCl4 showed superior coagulation performance compared to that of FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3, with the optimum removal of UV254 and DOC of 54.9% and 55.1%, respectively. The aggregated flocs formed by TiCl4 showed the highest growth rate with the largest size compared to those by FeCl3 and Al 2(SO4)3, but with the weakest floc strength and the worst re-growth ability. The TiCl4 and FeCl3 yielded the flocs with comparable degree of compaction, higher than that by Al 2(SO4)3. Additionally, the investigation of membrane fouling demonstrated that the severity of flux decline followed the order of Al2(SO4)3 < FeCl3 < TiCl4. TiCl4 coagulated sludge was also characterized by X-ray diffraction, Thermal analysis and scanning electron microscope. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Separation and Purification Technology	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.seppur.2014.04.015	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Chemical Engineering	en_US
dc.title	Coagulation and sludge recovery using titanium tetrachloride as coagulant for real water treatment: A comparison against traditional aluminum and iron salts	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	130	en_US
utslib.for	090703 Environmental Technologies	en_US
utslib.for	0301 Analytical Chemistry	en_US
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	130	en_US

Abstract:

Coagulation/flocculation performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and aluminum sulfate (Al 2(SO4)3) was comparatively investigated for real water treatment. Comparisons were made under different coagulant dose and initial solution pH conditions and their performances measured in terms of UV254 (absorbance at 254 nm) and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) removal and residual turbidity. Characteristics of aggregated flocs during the coagulation/flocculation process by the three coagulants were studied using a laser diffraction particle sizing device. The performances of the three coagulants were also assessed in terms of the membrane fouling potential of the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane or during coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process using a stirred and dead-end batch UF unit. Additionally, the TiCl 4 flocculated sludge was recovered to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) under thermal treatment. The results indicate that the TiCl4 showed superior coagulation performance compared to that of FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3, with the optimum removal of UV254 and DOC of 54.9% and 55.1%, respectively. The aggregated flocs formed by TiCl4 showed the highest growth rate with the largest size compared to those by FeCl3 and Al 2(SO4)3, but with the weakest floc strength and the worst re-growth ability. The TiCl4 and FeCl3 yielded the flocs with comparable degree of compaction, higher than that by Al 2(SO4)3. Additionally, the investigation of membrane fouling demonstrated that the severity of flux decline followed the order of Al2(SO4)3 < FeCl3 < TiCl4. TiCl4 coagulated sludge was also characterized by X-ray diffraction, Thermal analysis and scanning electron microscope. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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