Bioinspired Nanoscale 3D Printing of Calcium Phosphates Using Bone Prenucleation Clusters.

Roohani, I; Wang, S; Xu, C; Newman, P; Entezari, A; Lai, Y; Zreiqat, H

Bioinspired Nanoscale 3D Printing of Calcium Phosphates Using Bone Prenucleation Clusters.

Roohani, I

Wang, S Xu, C Newman, P Entezari, A

Lai, Y Zreiqat, H

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Publisher:: WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Adv Mater, 2025, 37, (13), pp. e2413626
Issue Date:: 2025-04

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Roohani, I https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3678-3455
dc.contributor.author	Wang, S
dc.contributor.author	Xu, C
dc.contributor.author	Newman, P
dc.contributor.author	Entezari, A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-8364
dc.contributor.author	Lai, Y
dc.contributor.author	Zreiqat, H
dc.date.accessioned	2025-04-15T04:33:53Z
dc.date.available	2025-04-15T04:33:53Z
dc.date.issued	2025-04
dc.identifier.citation	Adv Mater, 2025, 37, (13), pp. e2413626
dc.identifier.issn	0935-9648
dc.identifier.issn	1521-4095
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/186900
dc.description.abstract	Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are ubiquitous in biological structures, such as vertebrate bones and teeth, and have been widely used in biomedical applications. However, fabricating CaPs at the nanoscale in 3D has remained a significant challenge, particularly due to limitations in current nanofabrication techniques, such as two-photon polymerization (2pp), which are not applicable for creating CaP nanostructures. In this study, a novel approach is presented to 3D print CaP structures with unprecedented resolution of ≈300 nm precision, achieving a level of detail three orders of magnitude finer than any existing additive manufacturing techniques for CaPs. This advancement is achieved by leveraging bioinspired chemistry, utilizing bone prenucleation nanoclusters (PNCs, average size of 5 nm), within a photosensitive resin. These nanoclusters form a highly transparent photoresist, overcoming the light-scattering typically associated with larger calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles. This method not only allows for nanopatterning of CaPs on diverse substrates, but also enables the precise control of microstructure down to the level of submicron grains. The method paves the way for the developing of bioinspired metamaterials, lightweight damage-tolerant materials, cell-modulating interfaces, and precision-engineered coatings.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE210100156
dc.relation.ispartof	Adv Mater
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1002/adma.202413626
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	02 Physical Sciences, 03 Chemical Sciences, 09 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
dc.subject.classification	34 Chemical sciences
dc.subject.classification	40 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	51 Physical sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Printing, Three-Dimensional
dc.subject.mesh	Calcium Phosphates
dc.subject.mesh	Bone and Bones
dc.subject.mesh	Nanostructures
dc.subject.mesh	Bone Substitutes
dc.subject.mesh	Bone and Bones
dc.subject.mesh	Calcium Phosphates
dc.subject.mesh	Bone Substitutes
dc.subject.mesh	Nanostructures
dc.subject.mesh	Printing, Three-Dimensional
dc.title	Bioinspired Nanoscale 3D Printing of Calcium Phosphates Using Bone Prenucleation Clusters.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	37
utslib.location.activity	Germany
utslib.for	02 Physical Sciences
utslib.for	03 Chemical Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Biomedical Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-04-15T04:33:41Z
pubs.issue	13
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	37
utslib.citation.issue	13

Abstract:

Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are ubiquitous in biological structures, such as vertebrate bones and teeth, and have been widely used in biomedical applications. However, fabricating CaPs at the nanoscale in 3D has remained a significant challenge, particularly due to limitations in current nanofabrication techniques, such as two-photon polymerization (2pp), which are not applicable for creating CaP nanostructures. In this study, a novel approach is presented to 3D print CaP structures with unprecedented resolution of ≈300 nm precision, achieving a level of detail three orders of magnitude finer than any existing additive manufacturing techniques for CaPs. This advancement is achieved by leveraging bioinspired chemistry, utilizing bone prenucleation nanoclusters (PNCs, average size of 5 nm), within a photosensitive resin. These nanoclusters form a highly transparent photoresist, overcoming the light-scattering typically associated with larger calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles. This method not only allows for nanopatterning of CaPs on diverse substrates, but also enables the precise control of microstructure down to the level of submicron grains. The method paves the way for the developing of bioinspired metamaterials, lightweight damage-tolerant materials, cell-modulating interfaces, and precision-engineered coatings.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/186900